Pomwe ku Ukraine kusefukira ndimvula, ndipo anthu akumudzi akudandaula kuti sangathe "kulowa" m'mundamo kukataya mbatata, okonza AgroPortal.ua adayamba kuphunzira msika wa mbatata, chifukwa mbatata zidakali "mkate wachiwiri" mwa mabanja ambiri ku Ukraine.
Ukraine imatenga malo achinayi padziko lonse lapansi polankhula za mbatata, kupangira matani 4 miliyoni pachaka. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi, mchaka cha 20, kupanga mbatata zochuluka zedi zidakwana matani 2018 miliyoni ndi zipatso zokwana 22504 c / ha. 170,5% ya mbatata akadakuliramo ziwembu zapakhomo - 98 miliyoni matani.
Ponena za malo omwe ali pansi pa mbatata, mahekitala 1303,7 amabzalidwa ndi anthu ndi mahekitala 16,2 - opangidwa ndi alimi. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso za mbatata zapakati pa 169,4 c / ha, komanso kulima mafakitale - 252 c / ha.
Alimi aluso kutengera mabanja
"Mafamu ochita bwino ali ndi mpikisano wodzigulitsa yemwe saganizira zachuma konse ndipo akuchita nawo mbatata kuti akhale ndi moyo. Ili ndi lingaliro losiyana kotheratu, - atero dokotala wa sayansi ya zaulimi, pulofesa, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya agrochemistry ndi mtundu wopangira zokolola. A.I. Dushechkina NUBiP waku Ukraine, membala wofanana ndi NAAS wa Ukraine Anatoly Bykin. "Ku Ukraine kuli mafamu ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi mahekitala osachepera 10, koma amapereka zofunikira za anthu, zotsalazo ndi zinthu wamba zomwe zimachokera ku banja."
Bizinesi ya mbatata ndiyokwera mtengo kuyambira kumunda, chifukwa mumafunikira maluso ena omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito mukamakula masamba ena: wobzala, wophatikiza kale, ndi zina. Ndipo mbewu zidzayenera kuwonongedwa.
"Mtengo wa mbewu yoyamba kubereka ndi pafupifupi 10 UAH / kg, yosungirako ndi + UAH, ndipo ndikufuna kupeza 1 U1 UAH, zikupezeka kuti kubala koyamba kumawononga ndalama 1,5 UAH," Bykin akukhulupirira. - Tsopano inu, monga wopanga malonda, mukufuna kugula matani 12 a kalasi iyi. Mukufunika matani 14 pa hekitala iliyonse, ndiye 10 * 3,5 = 35 UAH / t, timawonjezera 14 UAH kuti mulime. Chifukwa chake, mbatata zogulitsa ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa UAH 490-70, sizichitika, ndipo mlimi ndiye womaliza kukhala ndi phindu. ”
Anatoly Bykin amadziwa zonse za zovuta za bizinesi ya mbatata, chifukwa wakhala akuchita bizinesi iyi kwa zaka 19. Bizinesi yake ya Biotech LTD ikugwira ntchito yolima mbatata. Mlimiyo akukhulupirira kuti msika wa mbatata ndiwosatheka, chifukwa umapanikizidwa ndi nyumba zomwe siziganiza za chuma, koma amangoponya katundu kumsika mwanjira iliyonse. Nthawi yomwe mtengo wa alimi 4 UAH, amagulitsa pa 2 UAH. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi ndani angasankhe wogula.
Komabe, chiyembekezo chamtsogolo sichinasinthe. Malinga ndi Deputy Minister of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine Volodymyr Topchiy, zaka zingapo zikubwerazi mbatata zambiri zimadzalidwa m'mabanja, chifukwa ndi "mkate wachiwiri" pamatebulo a anthu wamba wamba a ku Ukraine, ena mwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa nyumba zawo. Izi sizili ku Ukraine kokha, koma m'maiko ambiri pambuyo pa Soviet.
"Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zikulepheretsa kukula kwa mbatata zazikulu ku Ukraine ndi kusowa kwa katundu wogulitsa kunja, chifukwa mayiko a EU chifukwa cha phytosanitary ndi zifukwa zina salola kuti Ukraine, ngati dziko, igulitse pamalire ake komanso chiletso chomwe chidayambitsidwa mu 2015 pagawo lake Russian Federation Tili ndi zida zochepa za mbatata zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya ndiukadaulo, "akutero Vladimir Topchy. - Komabe, mbatata zaku Ukraine zimakonda kukula pang'onopang'ono m'dera lawo polimidwa mafakitale. Otsatsa aku China pano ali okonzeka kuyika nawo ndalama pomanga mbatata ziwiri za zigawo za Kiev ndi Chernihiv. Komanso, gawo limodzi la njira zapadziko lonse zosinthira zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zokhala ndi wowuma pang'ono zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa mbewu za mafakitale kwa mbatata. "
Kukonza - "azakhali onga"
Kukula mbatata ndi bizinesi yovuta, ndipo ngati kukonzanso sikumatenga, kumakhala kopindulitsa. Malinga ndi Anatoly Bykin, kukonza ndikofanana ndi "azakhali okhathamira," omwe amafunikira kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa voliyumu osati munyengo yokha, koma chaka chonse.
"Palibe woika ndalama m'modzi adzavomera kugulitsa, ngati fakitale imagwira ntchito masiku 150 pachaka, pamafunika 330," akutero. - Ndipo batchi yotsika ndi matani 22 a homogeneous, apamwamba kwambiri komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira mtundu winawake. Zikuwonekeratu kuti agogo a m'mudzimo sangakwanitse kubwereketsa mavutowa, mtsogolomo kuli mabizinesi azilimo, "atero Anatoly Bykin.
Ku Ukraine lero, njira zikuluzikulu zoyendetsera mbatata ndi kupanga wowuma wa mbatata, tchipisi ndi ma frie achi french.
Malinga ndi Association of Mbatata ndi Wowuma Opanga ku Ukraine, mabizinesi anayi pakadali pano akuphatikizidwa popanga wowuma wa mbatata. Vimal, m'chigawo cha Chernihiv, ali ndi malo awiri opanga matani 150 a mbatata pokonza patsiku ndipo amatsegulidwa mu Okutobala chaka chatha kwa matani 1440 a mbatata pokonza tsiku lililonse. Pe "Levona" (Chernihiv dera) ndi LLC "Zowonda za Ukraine" (dera la Kiev) ali ndi matani 200 opangira tsiku lililonse. Ulimi wophatikiza CFG / MRIYA uli ndi malo awiri opanga matani 150 a mbatata tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amatsegulidwa mu 2013 kwa matani 600 a mbatata pokonza. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mpaka 2000, mabizinesi 17 apadera opanga mbatata ku Ukraine.
Pankhani yopanga tchipisi, agwira ntchito ku Club of Chips Club LLC (Dnipro) ndi Chips Lux LLC (Kiev Region), yomwe imagwirizana ndi pafupifupi mafamu 20-30. Kupanga kwa ma frie aku France kumachitika ndi PJSC "Corporation" Interagrosystem "m'chigawo cha Chernihiv.
"Funso ndiloti, bwanji kulibe mapulaneti ambiri? Chifukwa kusakhazikika mdziko komanso msika kudula: m'madera - 7-10%, pachuma - 20%, pamsika wogulitsa mbatata - pafupifupi 50%, chifukwa Donbass, Crimea ndi Russia adadya mbatata zambiri. Ndipo tsopano theka la msika layamba kugwa. Chifukwa chake, kuti mbatata zikukula mdziko muno payenera kukhala nyengo zabwino zachuma komanso ndale, "atero Bykin.
Kodi mbatata zimazimiririka kwa opanga akuluakulu?
Pafupifupi matani 500 a mbatata amakonzedwa pachaka ku Ukraine, poyerekeza ndi kupanga - ichi sichinthu. Maro ambiri omwe akhala akukulira mbatata kwazaka zambiri amangozisiya, akuti sizothandiza. Komabe pali ena omwe akuyesera kukweza ntchito yankhokwe ya mbatata kukhala mulingo watsopano ku Europe.
Nyengo ino, mu CFG / MRIYA yogulitsa ulimi, malo olima mahekita 2 apatsidwa mbatata m'madera a Ternopil ndi Lviv. Kampaniyo ikufuna kupitiliza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yolimbikitsa malowa pansi pa mbewuyi ndi 400-500 ha pachaka.
Mukamakonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito yolima, amayang'ana zosowa za makasitomala, chifukwa othandizana nawo ndi opanga Chiukraine ndi apadziko lonse lapansi. Gawo laling'ono la voliyumu yathunthu imagulitsidwa zambiri kapena kutumizidwa kuti ikakonzedwe (wowuma), pomwe gawo lamkango (kuphatikiza ndi mbewu) limapatsidwa makasitomala.
M'mbuyomu, MRIA ndi CFG nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito yolima mbatata ndipo ali ndi zonse zofunikira pa izi, ndipo mosakayikira malangizowo akhalebe lingaliro kwa kampani yophatikizika. Komanso, kupezeka kwa mbatata mu kasinthasintha wa mbewu kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuzowonetsa ndikuthandizira kusiyanitsa ngozi za mbewu.
Osewera atsopano akuwonekera pamsika, mwachitsanzo, BestPotato, yemwe kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019 akufuna kukhazikitsa projekiti yatsopano yokhudzana ndi bizinesi ya mbatata ndikusintha pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono kwambiri.
Popanda mbewu, mitundu yake ndi yakufa
Mpaka pano, mitundu 186 ya mitundu ya mbatata ndi yakunja yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu State Register of Mitundu Yoyenera Kugawidwa ku Ukraine, 63 mwa omwe adapangidwa ndi Institute of Potato Breeding.
Kugawa mbatata mitundu ya Institute of Mbatata kubzala ndi ripeness gulu
Gulu loyipa | Kukula kwa nyengo | Chiwerengero cha mitundu | Mitundu yotchuka |
Mosangalatsa | 60-80 masiku | 3 | Radomysl, Onani, Duma |
Kupsa koyambirira | 80-100 masiku | 17 | Suntha, Njoka, Chuma, Cimmeria, Shchedryk, Sluta, Tiras |
Pakati koyambirira | 101-115 masiku | 13 | Svitanok Kiev, Levada, Zopatsa, Mezhirichka 11, Aria, Strumok |
Nyengo yapakati | 116-125 masiku | 25 | Princess, Ivankovsky koyambirira, Letana, Miroslav, Charunka, Yavor, Slavyanka, Soloha |
Pakatikati | 126-140 masiku | 5 | Sluch, Red rue, gwero la Polissye |
Malinga ndi Potato Institute, pakati pa mitundu yosankhidwa yakunja, kuchuluka kwakukulu mu 2018 pakukula kwa mbatata za mbewu kunadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu: Opal, Red Lady, Riviera, Verdi, Kibits, Melody, Aurea.
Komabe, njira yopangira mitundu yatsopano ndi yayitali kwambiri - zaka 8-10 ziyenera kudutsa isanasamutsidwe kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kenako zaka zina 2-3 zakuyesa pamagawo osiyanasiyana a Chiyukireniya cha Zosiyanasiyana Zazomera Zophatikizira Pambuyo Pazolowera Zosiyanasiyana. Ndiko kuti, chaka chilichonse mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata 3-6 imasamutsidwira ku mayeso osiyanasiyana amtundu ndi Institute of Potato Selection.
Kwa nthawi ya 2015-2019 Mitundu 21 ya kubzala mbatata ku Institute of Potato Ukuphatikizidwa anaphatikizidwa mu Udindo wa Zomera Zosiyanasiyana ku Ukraine. Chaka chino, kalembedwe kameneka adapangidwanso ndi mitundu isanu yatsopano: Basalia, Vanguard, Alexandrite, Photinia ndi Mwambo. Mitundu 9 ya mbatata yomwe idakumana ndi mayeso osiyanasiyana: Alliance, Volodarka, Opilya, Bazhan, Sontsedar, Mystery, Granary, Rodyn, Harmony.
"Ntchito yayikulu ndikuyambitsa ntchito yopanga mbewu, kuti athandizire payenera kukhala ogula. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zozungulira: mlimi waku Ukraine sangathe kugula mbewu chifukwa sakhala pamsika, ndipo bungwe lofufuzira silingathe kufalitsa chifukwa palibe wogula. Chifukwa chake, opanga ambiri amakonda mitundu yakunja, ”atero Anatoly Bykin.
Kupanga kwa mbewu ya mbatata ku Potato Institute ndi dipatimenti yake yofufuza za Polessky ya 2018 kunali matani 1161,696 a mbewu. Chaka chilichonse Bungwe la Mbatata limagulitsa pafupifupi 700-1000 matani a zipatso za mbatata zapamwamba.
Kusintha kwanyengo = Kusintha kwa ukadaulo
Lamba wa mbatata adapangidwa kale ku Ukraine: Lviv, Rivne, Zhytomyr, Kiev, Chernihiv, Madera a Sumy. Nthawi zambiri mitundu yoyambirira imabzalidwa kum'mwera, chifukwa mumatha kupeza mbewu ziwiri.
"Kummwera kwa Ukraine, kupanga mbewu ndikovuta kwambiri, chifukwa pali kutembenuka kwakukulu ndi maziko a omwe ali ndi ma virus. Pali tizilombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi chida cham'kamwa chofiyira: adakhala pamtengo, wolasidwa, akuyamwa msuzi wake ndikuwuluka kupita kwina. Ngati iye amakhala pamtengo wodwala, ndiye kuti amatenga kachilomboka ndi thunthu lake ndikusintha kukhala labwino. Zocheperako komwe zimayambira zonyamula ma virus, zimatsuka mbatata. Ngati tikufuna kupeza zokolola zazing'ono, ndiye kuti sitingazilabadire, koma ngati tikufuna kuti tipeze zokolola zachuma, malo opumira azisintha pakati pa 25-30 t / ha - iyi ndi kuchuluka kwa mbatata zomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuphimba chilichonse ndalama, "atero mwiniwake wa Biotech LTD.
Malinga ndi Bykin, mbatata ndizovuta kwambiri pakusintha kwanyengo. Ili ndi mizu yopanda bwino mizu. Ngati zaka 20 zapitazo, nyengo yopsinjika yovuta kwambiri idatenga masiku angapo munthawi yolimidwa, tsopano ndi miyezi iwiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yolimbana ndi chilala ndi umuna wofunika imafunikira kuti mbewuyo ithandizire kupanikizika (June / Julayi), kenako imatha kuthana yokha. Mu tekinoloje, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yanyumba, chifukwa amasinthasintha nyengo ndi nyengo.
Source: http://agroportal.ua/