Glyphosate akadali mtsogoleri waku China wakugulitsa kunja, ngakhale kugulitsa kwa herbicides kudagwa nthawi zambiri.
Chidule cha lipotilo "Kupenda za kafukufuku waposachedwa pantchito komanso kutumiza kwa mankhwala ochokera ku China ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo" ndi ICAMA (Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China), yomwe yaperekedwa pamsonkhano wotumiza mankhwala ku China (CPEW 2019), wopangidwa ndi AGROPAGES.
1. Kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kukukumana ndi mavuto, pomwe kutumizidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kapangidwe kake
Kulowa ndi kugulitsa kunja kwa China ku China mankhwala ophera tizilombo adakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu theka loyamba la 2019. Ngakhale mitengo yathunthu yotumiza ndi kutumizira kunja idakwera kufika pa $ 4 biliyoni yatsopano, kuchuluka kwakukula kwa zogulitsa kunja ndi kutumizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunali 473% yokha, yotsika kwambiri kuposa 2,4% mu 8,3. Mwa chiwerengerochi, kutumizako kunja kumafika US $ 2018 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 4,178% kutsika kwakukula kwamanambala awiri mzaka zapitazo.
Chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko ena kukapanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo zikuwonetsa kusintha kwotsatira, kutengera tebulo lomwe lili pamwambapa.
Kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2017, kutumizira kwaumisiri zida zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunatsika kuchoka pa 63,2% mpaka 56,3%, ndipo nyimbozo zidakwera kuchokera pa 36,8% mpaka 43,7%. Kuyambira mu 2018, kutumizira kwaumisiri zida zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kudayamba kukula, kupitilira 60%, pomwe kutumizidwa kwa mitengo kunatsika.
Ponena za ma CD, kuchuluka kwa njira zamaukadaulo ndikupangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'mayikidwe oyamba mu 2019 kunali $ 3,169 biliyoni, yomwe ndi 2,1% yochulukirapo, pomwe mtengo wotumiza kunja kumapangidwe ogulitsa anali $ 1,009 biliyoni - kuwonjezeka kwa 4% .
Ngakhale kugulitsa kwa zinthu mmasitolo ogulitsa kumangokhala 25% yokha ya zonse, kukula kwazogulitsa kwa zinthu zam'matangadza kumakhala kwambri kuposa poyambira mafakitale.
Mitundu yamagulu ophera tizilombo... Kugulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunakwera mtengo komanso kuchuluka kwake theka loyamba la 2019, ndi 14,5% ndi 20,8%, motsatana.
Fungicides idatenga malo achiwiri ndi 6,4%, ndipo kutumizidwa kwa olimitsa mbewu kumera kunachepa ndi 27,6%.
Kugulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya herbicides, yomwe imapitilira theka la mtengo wonse wogulitsa, idagwa kuchoka pa $ 2,265 biliyoni chaka chatha kufika pa 2,163 biliyoni chaka chino, ndipo kutumizira kunagwa kuchokera pa matani 520 300 mpaka matani 508 800, kutsika ndi 4,5% ndi 2,2% , XNUMX%, motero.
2. Kutumiza ku Latin America kunawonetsa kukula kwakukulu: bifentrin, celodim, ndi chlorothalonil adachita mbali yofunika
Kutumiza ku Latin America, komwe ndi msika wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri wama China, wakula kwambiri: kutumizira kunja kunakwana $ 1,223 biliyoni, kukwera 30,6% kuchokera nthawi yomweyo chaka chatha.
Africa idagulitsa maphikidwe ochuluka kwambiri.
Brazil, ngati msika wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri wogulitsa mankhwala ochokera ku China, yakhala ikugula zinthu zogulitsa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe adatumizidwa ku Brazil adakwera kuchoka pa madola 397 miliyoni aku US nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha mpaka madola 573 miliyoni - ndiye kuti pakuwonjezereka kwa 44,2%.
Kugulitsa kunja ku Argentina kunatenga malo kwachiwiri, pomwe kutumizidwa ku United States (msika wofunikira wa mankhwala opha mankhwala aku China) kudagwa 9,2%.
Kutumiza kunja kwa India kunachuluka ndi 11,8%, pomwe kutumizidwa kumayiko ena aku Asia, monga Thailand, Vietnam ndi Indonesia, kunatsika.
Asia ndi msika wawukulu kwambiri wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kutumiza kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'hafu yoyambirira ya 2019 akuyerekeza $ 1,259 biliyoni, omwe ali 2,8% poyerekeza ndi $ 1,295 biliyoni nthawi yomweyo ya 2018, komabe akupanga 30% ya kuchuluka kwathunthu wogulitsa kunja.
Mwa yogwira zosakaniza. Malinga ndi deta yakufalikira kwa mankhwala opangira 10, ma glyphosate akadali malonda opititsa patsogolo ku China, ndikutsata paraquat, ngakhale kuti malonda adagwa kwambiri, pomwe malonda a bifentrin adalumphira kwambiri ndi 276,7% mu theka loyambirira la 2019 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyo. nthawi chaka chatha. Kukula kwakukulu kwa malonda kunalembedwa pokhudzana ndi celodime, emamectin ndi chlorothalonil.
3. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yamalonda pakati pa China ndi USA, kusatsimikizika pakulosera zamankhwala othamangitsa mankhwala kwachuluka
Pakati pa 1978 ndi 2018, malonda padziko lonse a mankhwala ophera tizilombo adakula. Kuwonjezeka kwinanso kukuyembekezeka mu 2019, chifukwa cha zosowa zapadziko lonse zopanga chakudya.
Ponena za mankhwala ochokera ku China otumiza mankhwala, United States akadali msika waukulu kwambiri waku China wogulitsa kunja. Komabe, mtengo waku China wogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo opita ku United States koyambirira kwa 2019 udatsika ndi 9,2%.
Tchati chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mankhwala ochokera ku China otumiza mankhwala ku United States chaka chatha, 2018. Kuchepetsa kwa kulingalira kungapangitse kuti katundu waku US atulidwe chaka chino.
Mikangano yamalonda yaku Sino-US chakumapeto koyambirira kwa chaka chino idakhudzanso kutumizirana mankhwala opha tizilombo ku China.
Makampani aku China ophera tizilombo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupereka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuifunikira kwake kumakhalabe ku United States. Komabe, mkangano wamagetsi pakati pa maiko awiriwo sunathetsedwe, zomwe zidayambitsa kusatsimikizika komwe kumakhudza gawo la mankhwala opha tizilombo ku China, komanso malamulo okhwima oteteza zachilengedwe ndi malamulo otetezeka pantchito omwe adatengedwa ku PRC.
ICAMA, wothandizirana ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Maiko Akumidzi a China, pakali pano akugwira ntchito kukhazikitsa mfundo zoyenera zothandizira mabizinesi omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutumiza ndi kutumiza kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga kuchepetsa nthawi yolembetsa ndi ndalama zothandizira. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zothandizira zikuchitidwa kuti zilimbikitse kutumizidwa kwa mitundu yaying'ono.
Werengani mokwanira: https://www.agroxxi.ru/