Kugulitsa mbewu pamtengo wabwino kulinso kovuta kuposa kukulira. Mwina zowonjezerapo, chifukwa palibe malingaliro okonzedwa konsekonse pankhaniyi. Chitsimikizo cha izi ndikutha kwa nyengo ya 2017/18, miyezi yomaliza yomwe sinali momwe amayembekezera.
KUCHOKA PAKATI PA ZOONA
Autumn 2017 idabweretsa chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa olima mbatata. Nyengoyi inali yovuta ndipo zokolola zinali zochepa poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu. Zinthu zinali zothandiza kukwera kwakanthawi kwamitengo yazogulitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza, atolankhani ndi oyang'anira "adalimbikitsa" vutoli (kumbukirani lipoti la Accounts Chamber, malinga ndi momwe kudzidalira kwa Russian Federation mu mbatata ku 2017 kunali 90,7%, pamtengo woyikidwa ndi Chiphunzitsocho la Chitetezo Chakudya cha Russian Federation osachepera 95%). Kuchokera pamaimidwe onse akuti: "Mbatata zabwino sizikupezeka, mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo sizikhala zokwanira, mitengo ikula mwamphamvu ...". Mitengo idakulirakulira, kumayambiriro kwa masika kunali ngakhale nthawi yomwe zinali zosatheka kuvomereza kupezeka kwa gulu lalikulu, opanga anali akuyembekeza zopindulitsa zochulukirapo.
Ndiyeno mbewu yatsopano ya mbatata yochokera ku Egypt idatsanulira ku Russia. Idatsanulira mu: mu February, matani 30 azinthu adagulidwa (mu 545, nthawi yomweyo - matani 2017, ochepera 765!), M'mwezi wa Marichi kuchuluka kwakugula kudapitilira matani 40, mu Epulo
matani ena 117 adayikidwa. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zidalowetsedwa kunja mchaka - makamaka, pakukula kwa malonda ogulitsa mbatata - kunalibe ku Russia.
Mbatata zaku Aigupto zimakhala m'mashelufu onse m'masitolo, ndipo maunyolo akulu ogulitsa amakhala ochepa (makamaka, achotsedwa) kugula mbatata zoweta za "chuma" (zosasamba), kutsutsa lingaliro lawo ndi cholinga chofuna kupatsa makasitomala zabwino (werengani: kutumizidwa kunja ) katundu.
Nthawi yomweyo, monga ananenera Executive Director wa Potato Union ya Russian Federation Alexei Krasilnikov, maukondewa sakanatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu ndipo, pokwaniritsa udindo wawo kwa ogulitsa aku Egypt, adakakamizidwa kupereka gawo la mbatata zogulitsa kwa alimi a mbatata aku Russia. Amafamu ankanyamula katundu pa zida zawo ndipo ankawatumizira kuti azikawagulitsa ndi kugulitsa kudzera m'njira zawo.
Zinthu sizinachepetsedwe ngakhale kulowererapo kwa Rosselkhoznadzor, yomwe idayimitsa mbatata kumadera asanu ndi atatu a Egypt kuyambira mkatikati mwa Marichi polumikizira bakiteriya Pseudomonas (Ralstonia) solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. Lamuloli linachotsedwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June.
Pofika mwezi wa Epulo, msika udagwa, mitengo yathunthu idatsika ndi 4050%, mawu ogulitsa omwe anawonjezeredwa ndi theka ndi miyezi iwiri. Ambiri mwa mabanja aku Russia sazindikira gawo lotuta. Ngati mungawerenge zatsalira pazotsala za mbatata kumapeto kumapeto kwa Meyi ndi Juni, ziwerengero ndizodabwitsa. Pafupifupi matani 130,5 a mbatata sanadziwike pofika Juni.
Madera a "mbatata yomwe adakulitsa" adavutika kuposa ena: omwe adakula bwino amapatsidwa masitolo azamasamba amakono kwambiri. Minda inali yofiyira, ambiri analibe ndalama zokwanira kugula zofunikira nyengo yatsopano, ena mbatata zosatchulidwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu.
Ma network amagulitsa nawonso sanapeze phindu lofunidwa. Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mbatata zaku Russia kunalipo pamsika, mitengo yotsitsa inali itachepetsedwa kale mu Okutobala kuyambira masenti 60 kg / masenti mpaka 33-36 masenti. Pa mulingo uno, mitengo idatsalira mpaka kumapeto kwa zoperekazo.
Wogula wotsiriza ndiye adapambana pang'ono, ngakhale kuti anthu adataya mwayi wawo wosankha katundu: sizinali zotheka kugula mbatata zotsika mtengo zaku Russia m'misika.
Zinthuzi zidalengezedwa mokulira pazofalitsa.
NDANI GUZANI?
Tsoka ilo, osintha adalephera kupeza ndemanga pamutuwu kuchokera kwa oyimira ma tcheni ogulitsa, chifukwa chake titha kungolingalira kuti bwanji komanso chifukwa chake lingaliro lidapangidwira pakugula kwakukulu kwa mbatata zomwe zidalowetsedwa kunja.
Ndizodziwikiratu kuti mapangano omwe adatsirizidwa adatsirizidwa pasanafike pa December 2017: katundu woyamba wa mbatata zaku Egypt adafika pamashelefu kuyambira Januware (ndipo kawirikawiri mbatata zoyambilira zidalowetsedwa kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa February).
Zotsatira zake, kuyitanitsa othandizira ochokera kunja sikunapangidwe chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zapezeka ndi mtundu wa zogulitsa zapakhomo.
Zikuwoneka kuti mtengo wotsika modabwitsa wa mbatata zaku Egypt udakhala ngati chothandizira pantchitoyi (panali mphekesera pamsika kuti koyambirira zimayenera kutumizidwa ku Germany, koma kugula sikudachitike, ndipo katunduyo adaperekedwa kwa ogula aku Russia atachotsera kwambiri).
Zonsezi zitha kudziwika kuti zidachitika mwangozi. Koma mavuto omwe alimi adagwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yatha ali ndi zifukwa zozama.
Poyamba, nyimbo zomangira "mbatata zaku Russia mchaka = chotsika mtengo" sizikugwira ntchito masiku ano. Inde, zakhalapo, zilipo, ndipo mwina nthawi zonse zimakhala zitsanzo zoyesera kugulitsa zinthu zovunda pamsika. Koma kwakukulu, minda yaku Russia (ambiri mwa omwe amagwira ntchito ndi maukonde) amatha kusunga mbatata.
Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo chowonekera: pa Ogasiti 16, ku Agroforum "Mbatata ndi Masamba", yokonzedwa ndiulimi wogwirizira "Masamba a Dmitrovskie" mothandizidwa ndi Mgwirizano wa Mbatata wa Russian Federation, a Contact Exchange idachitika, yomwe idapezekapo ndi oimira maunyolo ambiri ogulitsa. Pamsonkhanowu, omwe adachita nawo msonkhanowo adafunsidwa kuti adziwe "pang'ono" momwe mwa zidebe zitatuzi pali mbatata zomwe zidagulitsidwa kunja kwa 2018, komanso momwe - zoweta, zomwe zidakula mu 2017 ndi 2018, motsatana. Akatswiri adazindikira zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi mtundu wa ma tubers. Koma zokhudzana ndi zowetazo, panali zokambirana: kuwonetsa mbatata m'makontena onsewo kunali kopanda tanthauzo, "zakale" sizinali zotsika kwa achinyamata, ndipo zinali mkatikati mwa Ogasiti!
Tikumbukirenso kuti kupereka malo osungira zinthu mdziko muno chaka cha 2016 kudafika 74%. Mwa njira, malinga ndi akatswiri, zomwe zimachitika pamsika wa mbatata pofika masika a 2018 makamaka ndizotsatira zakukwaniritsa bwino pulogalamu yaboma yothandizira pomanga ndi kumanganso malo osungira masamba ndi mbatata. Makampani aku Russia adatenga nawo gawo, akufuna kuti athe kugulitsa mbatata munthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Masiku ano mdziko muno makampani ambiri angakwanitse kupereka mbatata zabwino kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koma zidapezeka kuti palibe amene akuzifuna. Palibe chifukwa choyankhulirana zakubwezerani mwachangu zamapulojekiti odula kwambiri, kubwerera mwachangu kwa ndalama za ngongole poganizira zotsatira za nyengo.
Monga Purezidenti wa Dmitrovsky Ovoshchi akuchulukitsa a Sergey Filippov, opanga mbatata aku Russia (mothandizidwa ndi boma) ali okonzeka zaka zikubwerazi kuti afike pazomwe dziko lingachite popanda kugula mbatata zoyambirira.
Komabe, pankhani yaulimi, mphamvu za nyengo sizingatheke. Malinga ndi Filippov, mabizinesi azamalimi mpaka atamaliza kukolola alibe chidziwitso choti angalandire zomwe agulitsidwe komanso mtundu wake. Ndi malingaliro awa, nkovuta kutsimikizira china chake kuti mugulitse maunyolo.
ndipo achite chiyani?
Kuchokera pakuwona kwa akatswiri, maphwando ayenera kuphunzira kukambirana. Malinga ndi a Svetlana Belova, wachiwiri kwa director of the National Fruit and Vegetable Union, ndizachidziwikire kusamvana komwe kwachitika pakati pa opanga maulimi ndi maunyolo ogulitsa, komanso kusowa kwa chidziwitso chodalirika pamsika chomwe chidayambitsa izi.
Mabizinesi azamalimi azikhala otseguka, ndipo ena achitapo kanthu kale pankhaniyi. Pakadali pano, Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation, pamodzi ndi mabungwe a nthambi, akupanga njira yotseguka momwe zidziwitso ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zaulimi zimapezekera m'mafamu ena, mtengo wogulitsa womwe mukufuna, komanso kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa kudzaphatikizidwa. Izi zidzapangidwa kuti zithandizire Network kumanga mfundo zogulira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofuna za onse. Sikovuta kunena zomwe zidzachitike. Makinawo sanaganiziridwe bwino ndipo amabutsa mafunso ambiri.
Aleksey Krasilnikov akugogomezera kuti chidziwitso chomwe chikufotokozedwa kuti chifalitsidwe ndichinsinsi chazamalonda, ndipo si famu iliyonse yomwe ndiyokonzekera kufalitsa nkhaniyo. Koma Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation ukupanga njira zosankha ma algorithms omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi omwe akupanga ulimi popereka izi.
Komabe, nawonso omwe amapanga zaulimi amakayikira zoti magulu ogulitsa pano ndiwokonzeka kuwawona ngati anzawo ofanana, akumvera malingaliro awo ndikupanga chilolezo. Momwemo, kukayikira kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi maunyolo omwewo: mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, kampani yaku Russia yogulitsa mitundu yambiri X5 Retail Group, yomwe imaphatikizapo maunyolo monga Pyaterochka, Perekrestok ndi Karusel, adauza atolankhani zamalingaliro ake owonjezeka kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kuchokera ku 3% mpaka 10%. Malinga ndi a Igor Shekhterman, CEO wa X5, "zogulitsa zakunja zithandizira kugula, kukonza katundu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusowa kwa zinthu."
Kufufuza kukuchitika njira zina zokhazikitsira mgwirizano; mu Seputembala, misonkhano yambiri ya nthumwi za Unduna wa Zaulimi, Federal Antimonopoly Service, mabungwe azamalonda ndi mabungwe azamalonda omwe nkhaniyi ikukambidwira ikuyenera kuchitika.
Pakadali pano, zitha kudziwika kuti kukambirana za zomwe zachitika ndi zotsatira zake sikungapangitse kuti pakhale zoletsa zazikulu zogulitsa kunja. Alimi nawonso alibe chidwi ndi izi. Monga a Sergey Filippov akufotokozera, "chiletso chilichonse sichikhalanso msika."
Koma nthawi yomweyo, oimira mafakitale akuyembekeza kuti unyolo wogulitsa suzibwereza zomwe zinachitika msimu watha, ndikudalira boma kuti liziyang'anira momwe zinthu ziliri. Malinga ndi Aleksey Krasilnikov, mchitidwe wogawana ngati wogulitsa zinthu umabweretsa kuchepa kwa ubale wamisika ndipo uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito ya antimonopoly.
Ponena za malingaliro kwa opanga ena, nkovuta kuwaimbira osayembekezeka. Udindo wa Potato Union pankhaniyi wakhala sukusinthidwa kwazaka zambiri: mabizinesi azamalimi ayenera kulabadira kwambiri mtundu wa zomwe zakuliridwadi ndikuwunika mwayi wopatsa minda ndi mizere pakukonzekera kugulitsa ndi kuphika mbatata, popeza tsogolo la malonda mosakayikira ndi la madera awa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha kwa lingaliro la bizinesi pachaka chilichonse, monga kale, kumakhalabe ndi bizinesi yomwe.