Kasupe wautali wamvula komanso wozizira, chilala chachilimwe komanso nthawi yophukira kwambiri - umu ndi momwe mungadziwire mwachidule mikhalidwe yomwe mbatata idayenera kulimidwa ndikukolola mu 2022.
Nyengo zinapangitsa kuti pakhale malo abwino ofalitsa matenda ndi tizilombo towononga mbewu, zomwe zinakhudza kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
Matenda a mbatata
Malinga ndi zomwe Nikolai Parashchenko, Ph.D., woyang'anira chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chimanga ndi mbewu zapadera ku BASF, mu nyengo yapitayi, mbatata m'mafakitale inavutika kwambiri ndi rhizoctoniosis, choipitsa mochedwa, alternaria ndi mabakiteriya. Valeria Ananyeva, woyang'anira malonda ku Shans Group, adawonjezera fusarium pamndandandawu.
Akatswiri adazindikira kuti kuwonetseredwa koyambirira kwa rhizoctoniosis kudachitika chifukwa cha kasupe wovuta: Meyi m'magawo ambiri a "mbatata" mdziko muno amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha kochepa (poyerekeza ndi nyengo), kubzala mbatata kunachedwa ndi pafupifupi masabata awiri kapena atatu. Kutentha kwanyengo ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe kunayambitsa kufalikira kwa Alternariosis. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa mvula m'dzinja kunachititsa kuti "kuchulukana" kwa choipitsa chakumapeto ndi fusarium. "Kukula kwa matendawa kunayanjidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri m'munda (90-100%) pa kutentha pamwamba pa +10 ° C kwa milungu iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera ku deiccation mpaka kukolola," adatero Valeria Ananyeva.
Kuphatikiza pa nyengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zoipitsidwa, kusatsata kasinthasintha wa mbewu, kusankha osaphunzira kwa zinthu zoteteza zomera (komanso kusatsata ndondomeko yamankhwala kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake) kunathandizira kufalikira kwa matenda m'mafamu Russian. Komanso, mndandandawu ukhoza kukulitsidwa, chifukwa chakuti zomera zofooka zimagwidwa ndi matenda. Monga Nikolai Parashchenko anatsindika, kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha zomera kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso panthawi ya mankhwala a herbicide kapena zakudya zopanda mchere.
Top asanu tizirombo nyengo
Popanga 2022, akatswiri adazindikira kuti iyi ndi mtundu wapakati womwe ndi wofunikira kudziko lonse lapansi.
Kuchokera kumalingaliro a Nikolai Parashchenko, zinthu zabwino kwambiri zofalitsira wireworm, kachilomboka ka mbatata ku Colorado, scoops ndi tsinde (tuber) nematodes zidapangidwa mu nyengo yatha. M'minda yambewu, nsabwe za m'masamba zinkayambitsa mavuto.
Pothirirapo ndemanga pazochitika ndi nematode, woyang'anira zaukadaulo wa BASF adawona kuti gwero lalikulu la kufalikira kwa tizilombo ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi dothi lomwe limachokera kumunda kupita ku lina pamagulu ogwirira ntchito a makina aulimi. Ndipo zifukwa zazikuluzikulu za kugawa kwakukulu ndikusatsatira kasinthasintha wa mbewu komanso mndandanda wocheperako wa nematicides pamsika waku Russia.
Valeria Ananyeva anapereka malo oyamba mu mlingo wa tizirombo ku tsinde nematode (lat. Ditylenchus destructor). Katswiriyo adalongosola chigamulo chake chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka m'dzinja kunathandizira kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda a tuber (zimadziwika kuti ndi chinyezi cha 40% 10% yokha ya tubers imakhudzidwa, koma kale pa 60% mphamvu ya chinyezi - 62,8% ya tubers, ndi 80 - peresenti - mpaka 90%).
Mzere wachiwiri mu mlingo wa Valeria Ananyeva analandiridwa ndi leafhoppers. Kumbukirani kuti tiziromboti ndi owopsa makamaka chifukwa ndi onyamula stolbur wilt virus, spindle tuber viroid, ndi kachilombo ka L. Monga momwe katswiriyo adanenera, mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe leafhoppers adasamukira mwachangu ndikuwonjezeka kwa anthu chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kutentha. nyengo youma yabwino kwa iwo.
Cutworm inatenga malo achitatu: m'chaka, chifukwa cha kubzala mochedwa komanso nthawi yayitali ya kumera, mbozi zodula zimawononga mapesi ambiri a mbatata m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakumwera kwa dzikolo.
Chotsatira potengera kuopsa chinatengedwa ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka. Kutentha kwa chilimwe chaka chino kunathandizira kufalikira kwachangu. Malinga ndi katswiriyu, m'minda ya minda yomwe idachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, malo oswana a tizilombo tomwe adalembedwa.
Nsabwe za pichesi zimatseka mlingo: chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chilimwe m'madera ambiri a dziko, mafunde awiri a kubereka kwa tizilombo towononga adadziwika - kumapeto kwa June komanso kumayambiriro kwa August.
Kukonzekera kukhazikika
Pofotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za nyengo ya 2022, tikuganiziranso zovuta zomwe alimi a mbatata amayembekezera mtsogolo. Mavuto ena amayamba chaka chatha, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuziganizira. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi woyang'anira malonda a Shans Group of Companies Valeria Ananyeva, pambuyo pa zovuta za m'dzinja, gawo lalikulu la minda yaku Russia lidzakumana ndi kufalikira kwa matenda onse a mafangasi ndi udzu wambiri.
Ambiri, akatswiri amalangiza, monga nthawi zonse, ndi udindo njira mapangidwe njira kuteteza kabzala ku matenda ndi tizirombo ndi kuyambira ndi woyenera processing wa mbewu zakuthupi.
"Tikawerengera kuchuluka kwachuma pagawo lililonse laukadaulo wolima mbatata, ndiye kuti kukonza mbewu kumabwera koyamba powerengera ndalama pagawo la phindu," Nikolay Parashchenko, woyang'anira chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga ndi mbewu zapadera BASF, ndi otsimikiza. - Ndipo mosemphanitsa, ngati simusamala kwambiri za chithandizo cha mbewu, ndiye kuti kutayika kwa zokolola ndi zabwino sikungabwezedwe m'magawo ena a nyengo yakukula. Makamaka tikamanena za minda yambewu.”
Katswiriyu adalimbikitsa opanga ulimi kuti asapulumutse mbewu, kuti asankhe mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amagwira bwino ntchito motsutsana ndi rhizoctoniosis, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ndipo alibe zotsatira zokhumudwitsa (zolemetsa) pa mbewu.
Pothirirapo ndemanga pa siteji yobzala mbatata, katswiriyu adakumbukiranso kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti mbewuyo itetezedwe ku tizirombo tanthaka, ndipo adalangiza kuti tisaiwale za kulima kwapamwamba, nthawi yobzala komanso kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito. Mlingo wathunthu wa zakudya zamchere mu chiŵerengero cha N:P:K - 1:1-1,2:1,6-2. Kuphatikiza apo, Nikolai Parashchenko adalimbikitsa kulabadira zomwe zili m'nthaka za Ca, Mg ndi B, komanso kukhala osamala kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu (musapitirire zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito).
Popitiliza kukambirana za kuopsa kwa nyengo yatsopano, katswiriyo adapereka malingaliro kwa alimi a mbatata kuti asadikire mawonetseredwe a choipitsa mochedwa, koma kuti agwire ntchito ndi fungicides; ndi munthawi yake perekani mankhwala ophera tizilombo motsutsana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, kusintha zomwe zimagwira pachiwembu.
Katswiriyo adanenanso kuti panthawiyi padzakhalanso chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa alternariosis (zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawoneka, ndikofunikira kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi fungicides), mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, pitium ndi anthracnose. Popanga njira yodzitetezera ku matendawa, kuwonjezera pa njira zodzitetezera, ndikofunikira kupereka calcium yokwanira m'nthaka. Mbatata, zomwe zimaperekedwa bwino ndi kashiamu, sizimavulazidwa pang'ono ndipo pambuyo pake sizikhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya.