Malinga ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Viwanda Alliance for the Promotion of the Distribution of Biological Products (BPIA), ma biopesticides aposachedwa komanso ma biostimulants ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa chogwiritsa ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo ili la msika wazinthu zachilengedwe likukula mwachangu.
BPIA lero ndi mgwirizano womwe ukukula mwachangu ndi mamembala opitilira 130 ochokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana. Mamembala amgwirizanowu amagwirizanitsa onse ang'onoang'ono opanga mabizinesi komanso makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2017, BPIA idaganiza zophatikizira ma biostimulants mdera lomwe amakonda. BPIA idadziwa zambiri za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chifukwa chake lingaliro lotembenukira ku gulu la biostimulant linali lomveka
Kukula kawiri
Kampani yopanga kafukufuku Dunham Trimmer (gawo la bungwe la BRIA) ikuyerekeza mtengo wamsika wa biostimulator wapadziko lonse lapansi zoposa $ 2,2 biliyoni. Malinga ndi zomwe ananeneratu, mtengo wamsika uwu udzaposa 5 biliyoni US ku 2025. Kuphatikizidwa ndi msika wapadziko lonse wazomwe zimapangidwa ndi biocontrol, mtengo wophatikizidwa pamsika wazinthu zachilengedwe udzaposa $ 8 biliyoni mu 2020 ndi $ 16 biliyoni pofika 2025. Kuchuluka kwathunthu kwapachaka kwazinthu zambiri zazinthu 13%. Izi ndi zochulukitsa katatu kuwonjezeka kwa msika wotetezera mbewu mu 2017. Kubwezeretsa kwamphamvu kotereku kwachitika chifukwa chakufunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kuwonjezera chiwonetsero chazomera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika popanda chiwopsezo chachilengedwe. Ma biostimulants akuwoneka kuti atengapo gawo lalikulu pakusintha kwazomwe akuchita ulimi, kukulitsa kukana kwa chomera ku kupsinjika kwa mtundu muzovuta zomwe zikukula.
Masiku ano, Europe ndiye dera lalikulu kwambiri kugulitsa biostimulants ndi ndalama zapachaka zoposa madola 1 biliyoni aku US. Izi zikuyimira zoposa chitatu cha mtengo wamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi zigawo za North America ndi Asia-Pacific zone, yomwe iliyonse imakhala pamsika wopitilira 20%. Zinenedweratu kuti chiwonetsero ichi sichingasinthe pakati pa 2025. Koma zikuwoneka kale kuti Latin America ikula msanga pankhani iyi kuposa zigawo zina, ndipo, malinga ndi kulosera, idzatseka mwachangu kusiyana komwe kulipo komwe kugulitsana ndi osewera nawo. Pofika chaka cha 2025, kugulitsa biostimulator kuli kopambana $ 1 biliyoni m'magawo onse anayi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito biostimulants kumawerengedwa kuti kumakhala koyenera pakati pa mbewu ndi masamba, komanso zipatso. Zomera za Row zawonetsa kale kukula kwachangu pantchito zawo, makamaka pankhani yothandizidwa ndi mbewu. Malinga ndi kulosera, podzafika chaka cha 2025, kugulitsa mitundu iwiri ya mbewuzo ndi mbewu zam'munda ndizoposa $ 2 biliyoni m'gawo lililonse.
Zachilengedwe zachitetezo
Ulimi wamakono umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoteteza kuchomera ku matenda, tizilombo ndi zovuta zina zachilengedwe. Zambiri mwa izo ndizachidziwikire ndipo sizowonongeka ndi michere ya mbewu kapena zochita zina zamthupi. Izi zimabweretsa kudzikundikira kwawo, ndipo chifukwa cha matupi a anthu ndi nyama. Kumvetsetsa kwamakina amenewa kwawonjezera kufunafuna kwa mankhwala omwe amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi chakudya chabwino komanso chosadetsedwa.
Kafukufuku wazachilengedwe akuwonetsa kuti mbewu zimapanga zokha mosinthika kuzinthu zomwe zimateteza poyang'anira nyengo zovuta zachilengedwe. Koma kuthamanga kwa kupanga kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kosakwanira. Chifukwa chake, kudzipatula kwazinthu zotere zachilengedwe ndi kuphatikiza kwa mbewu kumathandizira kukulitsa kukhazikika ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Chiyambireni kupangika kwa ma biostimulants oyamba, malinga ndi akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe, nthawi yatsopano yayamba paulimi.
Ma biostimulants - chatsopano, motero, sichinalembedwe mokwanira mu dongosolo lazopangira zoteteza mbewu. Chinthu choyamba chomwe akatswiri amadziwa kuti ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa ma biostimulants kuchokera ku feteleza wama micronutrient ngati "NPK + microelements". Feteleza okhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimatsata zimagwirira ntchito mosakonzekera, ndikuwapatsa michere yoyambira ndi kufunafuna zinthu zofunika pakapangidwe ka amino acid. Ndipo zigawo zikuluzikulu za biostimulants zimakhudza mwachindunji zomera. Ndiko kuti, mbewuyo imalandira ma amino acid okonzedwa, kuphatikizapo ma amino acid osafunikira, osawononga ndalama zina paziphatikizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ma amino acid ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwachilengedwe zimachokera kwathunthu kuzomera, zimakhudza kagayidwe kake, ndikupanga nkhokwe yomanga mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme system.
Ma organic biostimulants a chiyambi chomera ndi otetezeka kwa zomera, i.e., overdose, zotsatira za kutentha kwambiri sizimayambitsa kutentha komanso sizikhala ndi vuto. Kugwiritsa ntchito biostimulants kuphatikiza feteleza wosungunuka wamadzi ndi microfertilizer ndikusintha kwina mwanjira zothandiza kwambiri pakakhazikitsidwe kazakudya zam'madzi zazaulimi.
Jambulani malire
Monga chatsopano chilichonse, ma biostimulators amayenera "kuphatikizidwa" m'ndondomeko zalamulo ndi zowongolera. Makampani mamembala a BPIA, limodzi ndi makampani ena ogulitsa biostimulator, afika ku United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kuti awupatse malangizo a momwe angasiyanitsire pakati pa biostimulants ndi olamulira a mbewu. Mu Novembala 2018, EPA inakonza ndi kutumiza ku mabungwe aboma la US chikalata chotchedwa "Maupangiri a Biostimulating Plant Medicines: Labelling Requirements Regulated Kulingana ndi FIFRA."
Mgwirizanowu umagwirizananso ndi US Congress poyesa kuvomereza ma biostimulants monga gawo lapadera lazachuma. Pakadali pano, zinthu zoterezi zimatanthauzidwa kuti "zinthu kapena tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayikidwa njere ndi mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti michere ikhale yachilengedwe." Mofananamo, mankhwalawa "amathandizira kukana kupsinjika mtima ndikuwongolera mtundu ndi zokolola." BPIA idakopanso chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma biostimulants mwa kulumikizana ndi USDA kuti ivomereze kafukufuku kuti azindikire njira zabwino zowongolera msika wa biostimulants. Zotsatira za zoyesazi zayamba kale kukumbukiridwa popanga kusintha kwa malamulo aulimi.
Mitundu ya organic biostimulants ikukula mosalekeza. Awa ndi madzi osungunuka osakanikira am'madzi pochiza mbeu, muzu ndi mavalidwe a masamba a mbewu, yokhala ndi zinthu zofunikira: ma amino acid, ma humic acid ndi mavitamini, ma phytohormones, ma peptides, mapuloteni, ma enzyme, ma polysaccharides ndi zina zina zomwe zimagwira.
Akatswiri aku Russia a Bioindustry and Bioresource Technology Platform (BioTech-2030) akhulupiriranso kuti vuto limodzi lalikulu pantchito yomanga dziko lonse lapansi ndi chilengedwe chosatsimikizika m'maiko ena. Koma sizikuwoneka zovuta, ndipo zidzathetsedwa posachedwa.
Biostimulants ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito biostimulants wawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito pophatikizira mu thanki yama tanki ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo sikuti kowongoka. A biostimulant ikhoza kukonza mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo posunga chophatikiza pama tsamba ndikupanga polysaccharide microcolloids kapena ionic charge. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zambiri za humic acid zimatha kusintha mayamwidwe a zosakaniza zomwe zimagwira komanso kufufuza zinthu.
Koma ma biostimulants samasintha nthawi zonse mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nthawi zina sangakhale ndi mphamvu yayikulu kapenanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zoyipa zina zomwe zimadza chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi mpweya kapena zotsutsana. Chinthu china chomwe chingakhale cholakwika ndi antioxidant pamasamba panthawi yolowa ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pomwe chomera chimatulutsa mitundu yamaokosi oksijeni yolimbana ndi ziwopsezo. Komabe, akatswiri amaganiza kuti zotsatirazi ndizotheka ndipo amalimbikitsa, kuti akhale ndi chidaliro chonse, kuwonjezera mankhwala padera kuti athetse zovuta zilizonse.
Mphamvu zenizeni zakugwiritsa ntchito ma biostimulants zimapitilira zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingakhalepo. Chifukwa chake, mayeso omwe adachitika mu 2014-2015 m'mabizinesi amalimidwe aku Russia adawonetsa kuti zokolola pazoyesera za tirigu wamasika omwe amathandizidwa ndi zopatsa mphamvu zidapitilira gawo lolamulira popanda chithandizo ndi 25%. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma biostimulants pakulima thonje kunapereka kuchuluka pafupifupi kawiri m'dera lonselo (ndi 2%). Pazomera zomwe zathandizidwa, palibe zisonyezo za matenda am'fungasi kapena bakiteriya, komanso kukula kwa tizirombo tazirombo. Kugwiritsa ntchito labotale ndi mafakitale kwa chopatsa mphamvu kumawonetsa kukolola kwa zokolola, nyemba ndi masamba kuchokera 94,3 mpaka 13%.
Zotsatira zabwino zakugwiritsira ntchito mbeu yolima mbewu ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limalandiridwa ndi alimi ndi alimi padziko lonse lapansi.
Vladimir Franckevich
Werengani mokwanira: https://www.agroxxi.ru