Alimi aku Russia amakonda mitundu yakunja yamasamba otchire. A Elena Alekperova, Director General wa Agrostat Agency, adalankhula pazomwe zimapangitsa kusamvana uku komanso zina zapadera pakugawidwa kwa masamba obiriwira ku Russia.
Zolemba: Alexandra Nevskaya
Elena Alekperova
Wowongolera wamkulu wa Agrostat Agency
Bungwe lowerengera lodziyimira palokha "Agrostat" lakhala likugwira ntchito yakufufuza zamalonda mu ulimi kwa zaka 22. Kafukufukuyu atengera kafukufuku wowunika wa omwe amapanga ulimi kuchokera kumadera onse aku Russia. Kufunsana kwa 270 m'minda kunakhala ngati gwero la zowerengera za kafukufuku wamasamba akunja omwe amalimidwa ku Russia.
Kukolola kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa ndiwo zamasamba pamalo otseguka
Malinga ndi Federal State Statistics Service, mzaka zaposachedwa, zokolola zochuluka zamasamba m'malo otseguka m'mabizinesi azolimo komanso minda yamagulu wamba mdzikolo ikukula mosalekeza. Nthawi yomweyo, malo obzala omwe amakhala ndi mbewu zamasamba amakhalabe ofanana. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kusintha kwamitundu ndi mafamu kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri.
Kugawidwa kwa masamba akunja mumafamu osiyanasiyana
Malinga ndi Rosstat, kuchuluka kwa ndiwo zamasamba zakutchire mdzikolo kwa zaka zisanu - kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2019 - zakula ndi matani zikwi 542. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, panthawiyi, kugawidwa kwaulimi wamasamba m'minda yayikulu ndi yaying'ono sikunachitike - monga kale, zinthu zambiri zimapangidwa ndi anthu pazolinga zawo.
Komabe, ndizosangalatsa kuti gawoli likuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mafakitale - minda ya anthu wamba komanso mabizinesi azolimo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kupita patsogolo pamsika. Kuwonjezeka kwa gawo lazopanga ziwongola dzanja, m'malo mwake, kungatanthauze kuchepa ndi kukonzanso kwamakampani.
Kugawidwa kwa malo pamafunso azikhalidwe
Bungwe lowunikira Agrostat lidachita zoyankhulana 270 (chimodzi chambewu iliyonse) m'minda yamasamba yotchire. Kugawika kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana kumaonedwa bwino: ngati tomato ndi nkhaka zimalimidwa momasuka kumwera kwa Russia (ku Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories, Kabardino-Balkaria, Astrakhan ndi Volgograd), ndiye zigawo zina makamaka masamba ya otchedwa borsch set amalimidwa.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito yopanga masamba akunja
Nchifukwa chiyani alimi amasankha ichi kapena mbewu yolimayo? Poyambirira, pali nyengo ndi nthaka, komanso luso lazopanga zachuma komanso luso la katswiriyu. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chikhalidwechi chimakhala chopindulitsa komanso chofunikira pamsika.
Mitundu yakunyumba ndi yakunja - kapangidwe ka dera
Ndizosangalatsa kuti dera lokwera kwambiri la mitundu yosankha zoweta ku Russia kumakhala nkhaka. Osachepera onse, mafamuwo ali ndi kaloti ndi tomato wosankha ku Russia.
Pali zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi omwe amapanga ulimi. Zina mwa izo, ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zingatchulidwe: mtengo wokwera wa mbewu zakusakanizidwa akunja komanso kubwerera m'mbuyo kuswana koweta. Chiwerengero cha mitundu yakunja ndi yosankhidwa
imadzilankhulira yokha: minda yathu mosakayikira imayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu ndi hybridi zamasamba zopangidwa ndi akunja. Zikuwoneka kuti masamba omwe amasankhidwa ku Russia akuyenera kusinthidwa bwino nyengo ndi nthaka, ayenera kukhala olimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Komabe, kuweta zoweta kumakhalabe njira yophunzirira ndipo pakadali pano sichicheperako.
Kukhutira kwathunthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mwambiri, alimi amakhutitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya msika wazomera zamasamba. Mafamu sakhutitsidwa kwenikweni ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ndi nkhaka. Komabe, kukhutira kumeneku kumalankhula, mwatsoka, kokha kuti alimi samadziwitsidwa bwino za ena.
mitundu ndi hybrids zamasamba.
Pali chidwi chosangalatsa: minda imadziwa bwino mitundu ya masamba osankhidwa akunja kuposa mitundu yosankhidwa yaku Russia.
Magwero azidziwitso zomwe agwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa kudalira kwawo
Alimi amalandila zidziwitso kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana. Deta yodalirika kwambiri imachokera kuzomwe mukukumana nazo. Koma chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chidziwitso chachiwiri chofunikira kwambiri chimachokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana ndi omwe amagawa mbewu. Chowonadi ndichakuti omwe amapanga mitundu, opanga mbewu ndi alimi ali ogwirizana kwambiri komanso molunjika, ndipo ngati tsiku lina chidziwitso chomwe angalandire kuchokera kwa wogawira "chinyenga" mlimiyo, adzataya zokololazo, ndipo wogawa adzataya kasitomala.
Kukhulupirika kwa mitundu ndi hybrids omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mapulani a chaka chamawa
Monga momwe kufunsa kumafotokozera, alimi samasintha mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafamuyo. Komabe, pafupifupi chaka chilichonse zatsopano zimasindikizidwa popanda kusintha
mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti ukadaulo wa mbewu zamasamba umamangiriridwa ku mitundu ina mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa ukadaulo wolima mbewu zam'munda. Pogwirizana molimba ndi masamba kapena masamba osakaniza, pali makina ndi zida, komanso feteleza ndi mankhwala oteteza mbewu.
Zinthu zosinthira mitundu yakunyumba ndi hybrids
Zowonadi, alimi aku Russia angafune kusintha mitundu yosankha yaku Russia. Komabe, izi sizingachitike kufikira olima atatsimikiza za mtundu woyenera wa mbewu ndikukhala otsimikiza kuti zotsatirazo zitha kuchitika.