Munthawi yaulimi ya 2023, chidwi cha alimi chinali chowoneka bwino pantchito zamagalabu a August. Ulimi kufunsira ndi, makamaka, zasayansi diagnostics akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ulimi, monga kulola Katswiri wa ulimi famu kupeza mfundo zonse zimene zikuchitika m'munda inayake ndi mkati zomera, ndipo pa maziko ake kupanga zisankho zolondola zokhudza kasinthasintha mbewu, kusankha mitundu ndi ma hybrids , kuteteza ndi kudyetsa mbewu, komanso mbali zina zambiri za ulimi, kuti mukolole zokolola zomwe mwakonzekera.
Monga momwe nyengo yasonyezera, agroanalysis ikufunika mosasamala kanthu za momwe nyengo imakhalira. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zothandiza osati pazachuma chokha kwa opanga ulimi, pomwe ntchito yayikulu ndikuwonjezera zokolola, komanso m'malo ovuta kwambiri omwe amafunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti akwaniritse ndalama. Akatswiri ochokera m'ma laboratories a zaulimi a Augusta ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Russia adanenanso zovuta zomwe alimi akukumana nazo chaka chino komanso ntchito zomwe zikufunika kwambiri pakati pawo.
Vyacheslav Krasin, mkulu wa gulu lachigawo "Agroanalysis Center", Gryazi, Lipetsk dera.
Munthawi yaulimi ya 2023, labotale yathu yawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maoda owunikira mchere wam'nthaka. Choyamba, izi zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali: ngati m'chigawo cha Astrakhan nkhani ya salinization yachiwiri yakhala yofunikira, ndiye kuti m'madera omwe ulimi wothirira ku Central Black Earth Region ndi, makamaka, umakhala wofunikira. m'chigawo cha Voronezh, tinakumana nacho koyamba. Vutoli, monga lamulo, limayamba kuwonekera pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira kwa nthawi yayitali wa madera omwe ali pansi pa mbewu zaulimi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osakwanira. Ngakhale zooneka ngati zazing'ono zili mosavuta sungunuka mchere mu ulimi wothirira madzi pamene ulimi wothirira kwa zaka 10-12 kumabweretsa alkalinization ndi ofooka yachiwiri salinization dothi. Komanso, nyengo ino labotale yachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mbewu za zipatso: izi zimaphatikizapo phytoexpertise, kafukufuku wanthaka, komanso kuwunika komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa kwamadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thirira. Izi zikuwonetsa momwe madera akuchulukira minda komanso kuchuluka kwa mavuto mderali.
Anna Karmach, Ph.D., katswiri wazachipatala ku labotale yothandizana nayo ya Augusta - Center for Agricultural Technologies "Agrodoctor", chigawo cha Novosibirsk, dera la Novosibirsk
Chaka chino, gulu la akatswiri a zamakono ndi akatswiri a labotale anayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu chifukwa cha kutentha kwachilendo ndi chilala cha nthaka: m'madera ambiri, mvula yoyamba inagwa m'masiku khumi achiwiri a June, ndipo kumera kwa mbeu kunali kosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pa fulakesi, chithandizo chapadera chinkachitika: choyamba, minda inamenyana ndi namsongole, koma kwa zomera za dicotyledonous, chithandizo chinaimitsidwa mpaka mphukira zambiri za namsongole ziwonekere - mpaka gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitukuko cha mbewu litafika. M'zomera zamafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides kudasinthidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a funde lachiwiri la udzu wa phala pambuyo pa mvula. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha nyengo yomwe inalipo, akatswiri a labotale adayenera kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwachuma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera fungicides, potengera kuwunika kwa zokolola zakumunda komanso kukula kwa matenda; njira zodzitetezera ndi kuthira feteleza m'minda inayake zidakonzedwanso. Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti chifukwa chazovuta kwambiri ndi njenjete ya meadow, tinayang'anizana ndi ntchito yoyang'anira chiwerengero cha tizilombo ndikudziwiratu maonekedwe a m'badwo wotsatira.
Tatyana Ledeneva, wamkulu wa gulu lachigawo "AgroLaboratory-Livny", Livny, Oryol dera.
Chifukwa cha kutenga nawo mbali kwa labotale pamisonkhano yophunzitsira makasitomala, kufunikira kwa mautumiki athu kwakula kwambiri chaka chino - mpaka pakufunika kukopa antchito atsopano ku gululo. Makamaka, chifukwa cha masemina omwe amayang'ana pang'ono kwambiri alimi a mbatata, kuchuluka kwa ntchito zowunikira mbatata zachulukirachulukira. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, akatswiri athu akhala akutenga nawo gawo pakuyesa dothi ndi cholinga chowunika phytosanitary monitoring, ndipo kwa chaka chino ndizodabwitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za nthaka zomwe zaphunziridwa kumaposa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za mbewu (ndipo izi sizimatengera zitsanzo zadothi. kudziwa kupondereza kwa nthaka ndi kapangidwe ka zamoyo zam'nthaka zomwe zimakonzedwa pokonzekera kasinthasintha wa mbewu m'dzinja). Atsogoleri a nyengoyi pakati pa zinthu zofufuzira anali mbewu za mbewu pafupifupi khumi zomwe zimafesedwa - makamaka tirigu, balere, soya, nandolo, buckwheat, koma panalinso zitsanzo zamafuta a fulakesi, oats, ryegrass komanso mpunga. Pokhudzana ndi kubzala kwapachaka kwa minda ya zipatso zatsopano m'chigawo cha Oryol, pali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kwa ma laboratory kuti azindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mbande za mtengo wa apulo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba chaka chino, tinagwira ntchito ndi mbande za mbewu zamaluwa, mbewu zazikulu za nyemba ndi mbewu za mabulosi. Komanso, nyengo yatha, oyang'anira a Ogasiti, limodzi ndi akatswiri azamalimi, adayang'anitsitsa zochitika zakukula kwa downy mildew mu soya, adathandizira kulemba matendawa ndikuyerekeza mphamvu ya fungicides yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mikhail Suprunenko, wamkulu wa gulu lachigawo "AgroLaboratory-Stavropol", Stavropol, Stavropol Territory
Laboratory yathu ili ndi zaka ziwiri, koma ngakhale kuganizira nthawi yochepa ya ntchito, tikuwona kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito za kafukufuku wa entomology, phytopathology ndi agrochemistry kuchokera kumafamu a Stavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Karachay-Cherkessia. Aliyense amafuna kudziwa mchere komanso kuchuluka kwa dothi ndi macro- ndi mesoelements, komanso kupeza mawerengedwe a zakudya zamchere pa zokolola zomwe zakonzedwa za mbewu inayake, popeza feteleza akwera mtengo kwambiri; Zimachitika kuti kuti famu ipulumuke, ndikofunikira kuwerengera kuchuluka kovomerezeka kovomerezeka kutengera momwe nthaka ingathere. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, alimi anayamba kuganiza za momwe angasamalire chonde, popeza zokolola zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwachangu kwa zakudya m'nthaka, pamene kwa alimi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira komanso chinsinsi cha tsogolo labwino. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zopempha kwa ife kuchokera kwa wamaluwa ndi alimi a masamba, makamaka omwe akukula mbewu monga anyezi ndi mbatata, akukula. Pazinthu zazikulu, kuvomerezeka kwathu kwa boma ndikofunikira, makamaka, kuti tipeze zotsatira za maphunziro a phytopathological. Pali kufunikira kwakukulu kowunika (kuphatikiza koyambirira) posunga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, makamaka anyezi, ndikuwerengera moyo wa alumali. Ku Kabardino-Balkaria, minda ingapo imafunikira thandizo kuti adziwe momwe maapulo angakhudzidwe ndi zowawa. Kwa omwe amapanga mbewu za zipatso, kufunikira kwa kusanthula kwa nthaka ndi madzi kukukulirakulira - izi zimawonekera, mwachitsanzo, pomwe pulogalamu ya "Turnkey Gardens - 10 Acres" ikukula, pomwe eni minda adawakonzera mothandizidwa ndi thandizo la boma. ayambe kufunikira deta, zomwe zikuchitika m'madera awo.
Elena Shuplyak, wamkulu wa gulu lachigawo "Agroanalysis-Don", Azov, Rostov dera.
Chifukwa cha mvula, kuchuluka kwake komwe kunali 2,5 kuposa momwe zimakhalira zaka zam'mbuyomo, kuthirira madzi ndi kuphulika kwa matenda a phytopathogenic, alimi a Southern Federal District asonyeza chidwi chachikulu nyengo ino poyang'anira momwe mbewu zikuyendera kuti zithetsedwe panthawi yake mankhwala a fungicidal. . Kusanthula kwa phytopathological ndi microbiological kwa nthaka ndi zomera kunali kofunikira. Pakhalabe kufunikira kwamwambo kwa kusanthula kwamadzi kuti mudziwe mtundu wake wa ulimi wothirira ndikukonzekera njira zothetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo - makamaka, izi ndizofanana ndi dera la Rostov chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzi m'madamu ndi magwero apansi panthaka. Komabe, chaka chino, minda yaing’ono yolima mbewu mothirira awonjezeredwa ku chiwerengero cha makasitomala okhazikika. Kufunika koyang'anira kabzalidwe kosatha ndi kuyendera akatswiri ndi zitsanzo kwakula. Pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa organomineral, pafunikanso kuwasanthula zomwe zili muzakudya ndikuwunika momwe zinthuzi zilili. Komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa Fusarium wilt wa tomato wobzalidwa m'nyumba, kuchuluka kwa zowunikira zovuta zomwe zidachitika komanso malingaliro omwe adaperekedwa pomanga njira yotetezera mbewu adakula. Pokonzekera nyengo yatsopano, chiwerengero cha zitsanzo za mbewu za phytoexamination ndi kutsimikiza kwa makhalidwe awo obzala chawonjezeka.
Vera Platonova, wamkulu wa gulu lachigawo "AgroLaboratory-Saransk", Saransk, Republic of Mordovia
Mu 2023, ntchito zazikulu za labotale zinali kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za mbewu (kutsimikiza kwa mbewu, phytoexamination ya mbewu, kutulutsa malingaliro), maphunziro a phytopathological a zomera (kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi matenda a fungal ndi malingaliro oteteza mbewu) , komanso kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za chitetezo cha mbewu yozizira. Tinayamba kulandira zopempha zambiri kuchokera kwa opanga zaulimi kuti adziwe momwe mbewu zachisanu zimakhalira m'nyengo yozizira komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kusanthula kovutirapo kumaphatikizapo kudziwa momwe zomera zimakhalira, shuga zomwe zili mumtundu wa tillering, kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa zomera zomwe zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, poganizira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi tizirombo, poganizira kufalikira kwa matenda a fungal plant. , kufufuza zinthu zomera kukhalapo kwa parasitic nematodes ndi malangizo chitetezo zomera. Kufunika kowunika momwe mbewu zanyengo yozizira kukukulira, chifukwa zimakupatsani mwayi wosungira mbewu za masika kuti muthe kubzala madera ofooka, komanso kupanga zisankho zapanthawi yake za mankhwala owonjezera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
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