Mu 2021, inshuwaransi yaulimi ku Russia ilandila malamulo owonjezera omwe apangitsa kuti zitheke kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ndiyo njira yayikulu yolipirira kuwonongeka kwaulimi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe. Chiyembekezo ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kusintha komwe kunakonzedwa, komanso zotsatira za inshuwaransi yaulimi mu 2020, zidakambidwa ndi oimira Federation Council, Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Unduna wa Zachuma ku Russian Federation, Bank of Russia ndi gulu la inshuwalansi pamsonkhano ndi atolankhani, zomwe zinachitika pa bungwe la National Union of Agricultural Insurers (NSA) ku Moscow.
Imodzi mwa mitu yayikulu ya chochitikacho inali bilu yokonzedwa ndi gulu la nduna ndi maseneta ndi kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu kwa Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo Yadziko la Ukraine pakukulitsa lingaliro lake. Zosintha zosinthidwa ku lamulo lothandizira boma ku inshuwaransi yaulimi cholinga chake ndikuphatikiza njira ya inshuwaransi yaulimi mu dongosolo lachitetezo chaulimi pakagwa ngozi yachilengedwe. Amapereka kukulitsa kwa inshuwaransi yaulimi ndi chithandizo cha boma poyambitsa malingaliro a mzere watsopano wa inshuwaransi - ngati chilengezo chadzidzidzi. Biliyo idalandiridwa ngati maziko ndi State Duma pakuwerenga koyamba pa Marichi 17.
Kumbali ya gulu la aphungu-olemba biluyo, mkulu wa Komiti ya Agrarian ya Federation Council Aleksey Mayorov adalankhula, yemwe adanena kuti kubwezeretsanso ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi yaulimi ndi ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Presidium of Council. a Legislators mu 2018 ndipo akuyang'ana chidwi cha Komiti. Komiti, pamodzi ndi NSA, ndi nawo Unduna wa ulimi ndi Bank of Russia, anachita ntchito yaikulu kuphunzira zinthu m'maboma onse feduro dziko. Misonkhano yachigawo eyiti idakonzedwa ndi mautumiki am'madera aulimi ndi agrarians, omwe adakhudza pafupifupi mabungwe onse a Russian Federation. "Zokambiranazo zidawonetsa chidwi chachikulu cha anthu alimi ndi mabungwe olamulira a agro-industrial complex of the constituent entries of the Federation pakupanga inshuwaransi. Nthawi yomweyo, mavuto angapo omwe analipo adadziwika, "adatero seneta. "Pempho lalikulu kuchokera kumadera likuwonetsa kufunikira kokulitsa chithandizo cha inshuwaransi, kupangitsa kuti inshuwaransi ikhale yosavuta kwa alimi pomaliza mapangano ndi kupeza malipiro a inshuwaransi, ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwa inshuwaransi," anatsindika Alexey Mayorov, ponena kuti zomwe apeza. zidagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba bilu pa inshuwaransi ya ngozi zadzidzidzi.
Bungwe lachindunji la chithandizo cha boma pachitetezo cha inshuwaransi pamlingo wa feduro lili pansi pa ulamuliro wa Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, omwe udindo wawo udaperekedwa pamwambo wa atolankhani ndi Wachiwiri kwa Nduna Elena Fastova. Iye adawona kufunikira kwa ntchito yokulitsa inshuwaransi ya agro-industrial complex, yomwe, ngakhale pali zovuta, yawonetsa kuti "iyima pamapazi". Elena Fastova adanenanso kuti mu 2021 undunawu udachulukitsa malire a ndalama zothandizira boma zomwe zidaperekedwa ku inshuwaransi yaulimi - kuchokera ku ma ruble 2 biliyoni chaka cham'mbuyo mpaka ma ruble 2,2 biliyoni. Ndalamazo zagawidwa kale ndikubweretsedwa kumadera.
Unduna wa Zaulimi umawona njira ya inshuwaransi yaulimi ngati imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuchotsa zovuta zina osati kwa opanga ulimi okha, komanso ku boma. Elena Fastova adanena kuti mu inshuwalansi ya ziweto ku Russia chizindikiro chachikulu cha inshuwalansi pa mlingo wa 28% chakwaniritsidwa kale - pafupifupi 8 miliyoni mitu yokhazikika imaperekedwa ndi ndondomeko, pamene pali madera omwe oposa 50% a ziweto. ali ndi inshuwaransi. Inshuwaransi yazamalonda yam'madzi idayamba mu 2020 - pafupifupi matani 2 a nsomba adaperekedwa ndi inshuwaransi, mu 2021 chiwerengerochi chidapitilira katatu. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa Undunawu, mu 3 kuchuluka kwa inshuwaransi kudzakhala pafupifupi 2021% ya malo omwe amalimidwa, ndipo pofika 8 inshuwaransi ikuyembekezeka 2025%. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi ngozi zadzidzidzi kuyenera kuthandizira kukulitsa inshuwaransi ya mbewu.
Bank of Russia, monga woyang'anira msika wa inshuwaransi, imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri ku inshuwaransi yaulimi, kuphatikiza inshuwaransi yaulimi ndi thandizo la boma, - adatero Olga Shelepneva, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya Inshuwaransi Market ya Central Bank, m'mawu ake. "Izi zachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti mafakitale athu ndi mafakitale ofunikira kwambiri - komanso makampani omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha nyengo, kuposa ena onse. Inshuwaransi ndiye njira yayikulu yodzitetezera, "adatero. Olga Shelepneva anafotokoza kuti kuchokera kwa kasitomala-agrarian, maganizo a inshuwalansi amadalira zinthu ziwiri: kudalirika kwa makampani a inshuwalansi ndi kukongola kwa zinthu. "Zosintha zomwe zidachitika kuposa chaka chimodzi ndi theka lapitalo zikuwonetsa kuti ngati malamulo amasinthasintha komanso munthawi yake akuyankha zofunikira za omwe ali ndi ma policy, ndiye kuti izi zimakhala ndi phindu pamakampani omwe izi kapena mtundu wa inshuwaransi umayenera kutero. tetezani, mwa ife, inshuwaransi yaulimi. Chifukwa chake, tikugwira nawo ntchito pabiluyo, yomwe tsopano ili ku State Duma. " "Kwa alimi, malinga ndi momwe timaonera, izi ziyenera kukhala chinthu chosangalatsa," Olga Shelepneva adayang'ana lingaliro loyambitsa inshuwalansi yadzidzidzi.
Popereka udindo wa utumiki wake, Roman Tochilin, Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Financial Policy ya Unduna wa Zachuma ku Russia, adanena kuti ngongole ya inshuwaransi yaulimi yomwe ikubwerayi "ndi yofunika kwambiri pazachikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe" komanso zatsopano muzachuma. gawo la inshuwaransi yakunyumba motsutsana ndi ngozi zadzidzidzi. "Timamvetsetsa bwino nthawi zonse zopinga zomwe olemba polojekitiyi akukumana nazo, ndipo tidzayesetsa kuti ndalamazo zituluke mwamsanga," adatero woimira Unduna wa Zachuma.
Mu 2020, inshuwaransi yaulimi mothandizidwa ndi boma idakhala gawo lomwe likukula mwachangu pamsika wa inshuwaransi ku Russia: kuchuluka kwake kudakula ndi 54% pachaka, chomwe chidakhala mbiri yotsimikizika mchaka chomwe msika wonse udakwera ndi 4%, Purezidenti. wa NSA Korney Bizhdov adanena m'mawu ake. Nthawi zambiri, gawo la inshuwaransi yaulimi potengera ndalama za inshuwaransi za ma ruble 8,1 biliyoni masiku ano likufanana ndi gawo la inshuwaransi yam'madzi. Korney Bizhdov anatsindika kuti NSA ili kale kukonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano za inshuwalansi za ngozi zadzidzidzi: ngati biluyo ikuvomerezedwa mu theka loyamba la chaka, kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yatsopano ya inshuwalansi yaulimi ndi chithandizo cha boma. yakonzedwa kuti autumn, kwa nthawi ya inshuwalansi ya yozizira kufesa. Pamenepa, mu 2022, njira zothetsera zowonongeka pakagwa mwadzidzidzi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mu 2023-2024 zidzakhala zotheka kufotokoza njira yatsopano, Purezidenti wa NSA anafotokoza.
Kuunikira kwa njira za inshuwaransi yaulimi komanso momwe makampani a inshuwaransi ali ndi chiyembekezo chazatsopano zidaperekedwa pamsonkhano wazofalitsa nkhani ndi oyang'anira apamwamba ndi atsogoleri amakampani omwe ali a NSA, JSC AlfaStrakhovanie, PJSC IC Rosgosstrakh, JSC IC RSHB-Inshuwaransi.
"Panthawi ya ntchito ya Unified Association of Inshuwalansi ya Agro-Industrial Complex, 2020 inali ndi malipiro akuluakulu," atero Sergey Prostatin, General Director wa JSC IC RSHB-Inshuwaransi. - Pansi pa mapangano a inshuwaransi ndi thandizo la boma, ma ruble 2020 biliyoni adalipidwa mu 2,3, yomwe ndi nthawi 4 kuposa malipiro a 2019. Zomwe zikuchitika m'madera ofunika kwambiri a ulimi wa dzikoli zinakhala zikuwonetseratu kuti ngakhale m'madera ambiri. madera abwino malinga ndi nyengo akhoza kukhala ndi nyengo yoipa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Ndipo, kumbali ina, adawonetsa momwe gulu la inshuwaransi limathetsera mavutowa, ndikuwonetsetsa kupitiliza kwa ntchito yopangira zaulimi. Tikuwona chizolowezi chokulitsa chidwi cha inshuwaransi kwa alimi. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi ndi Stavropol Territory. M'chigawo chino, pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu ndi malipiro ochokera kumakampani a inshuwaransi mu kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 1,5 biliyoni (malinga ndi NSA), kuchuluka kwa inshuwaransi mu 2020 kudakwera nthawi zopitilira 3,5.
Tatyana Lavrova, Wachiwiri kwa Director for Corporate Business ku AlfaStrakhovanie JSC, adanenanso kuti pali zizolowezi za inshuwaransi ya nyama zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo. Makamaka, opanga nkhumba zapakhomo adalowa mu TOP-5 ya opanga padziko lonse lapansi - ziweto zikukula kwambiri, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kuchuluka kwa minda ya nkhumba kukukulirakulira, kuchuluka kwa inshuwaransi kukukulirakulira. "Kutengera malingaliro a inshuwaransi, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zambiri za inshuwaransi zimakhazikika pamalo amodzi, chifukwa chake kutayika kumodzi kungayambitse kutayika. Ndipo iyi ndiye njira yayikulu yomwe tikuwona tsopano mu inshuwaransi ya nyama. Chifukwa zowopsa zambiri ndizowopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana owopsa, "adatero woimira inshuwaransi. Motere kuchokera ku deta lipoti, pa zaka 3 zapitazi kampani "AlfaStrakhovanie" pachaka amachita kuthetsa zotayika ku matenda opatsirana a ziweto, mu ndalama oposa 100 miliyoni rubles. Mndandanda wa matenda siwongokhudza milandu ya ASF ndi chimfine cha avian: kumapeto kwa 2020, pafupifupi ma ruble 80 miliyoni anali inshuwalansi ndi kampaniyi chifukwa cha imfa ya ng'ombe.
Malinga ndi Dmitry Romani, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Zolemba za PJSC IC Rosgosstrakh, kwa inshuwaransi "ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa bungwe lothandizira alimi omwe ali ndi inshuwalansi m'madera". Malingaliro ake, "kuyenerera kwa lamulo pazochitika zadzidzidzi tsopano kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo chithandizo tsopano chikufunika pano, mwa zina, kuti (...) chiwerengero chachikulu cha madera nthawi imodzi alowe nawo pulogalamuyi" - izi zidzalola, makamaka, kupewa anti-kusankha chiopsezo. Rosgosstrakh pankhani ya inshuwaransi yaulimi mu 2020 idachulukitsa kupezeka kwake m'magawo pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi 2019. "Tikupitiriza kuyang'ana malo olowera ndi kukula m'madera atsopano," adatero woimira Rosgosstrakh.
"Ntchito zomwe zikuyang'anizana ndi inshuwaransi yaulimi ndizambiri," atero Purezidenti wa National Insurance Agency Korney Bizhdov. - Malinga ndi bungwe la UN World Food Organization, m'zaka XNUMX zapitazi, chiŵerengero cha masoka achilengedwe okhudza ulimi chawonjezeka kangapo padziko lonse. Anthu a ku Russia agrarians akukakamizidwa ndi njira zomwezo, ndipo ntchito ya inshuwalansi ndi kupanga njira yothandiza komanso yokhazikika mogwirizana ndi boma kuti zithandizire kukhazikika kwa agro-industrial complex kwa zaka zikubwerazi.
Chochitika cha atolankhani "Zotsatira za chitukuko cha inshuwaransi yaulimi mu 2020. Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha chitetezo chachuma cha agro-industrial complex of Russia pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa malamulo" chinachitika ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa otsogolera malonda, ndale ndi makampani atolankhani. . Opitilira 50 ochokera m'magawo - atolankhani ndi akatswiri ochokera ku agro-industrial complex - olumikizidwa ndi kuwulutsa kwa intaneti. Chochitikacho chinayendetsedwa ndi Dmitry Rylko, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Institute for Agrarian Market Studies.
Malinga ndi Federal Law No. 260-F3 "On State Support in the Field of Agricultural Insurance", ku Russia, mothandizidwa ndi dongosolo limodzi, thandizo la boma limaperekedwa ku inshuwaransi ya zoopsa pakupanga mbewu, ulimi wa ziweto ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Kuyambira Januware 1, 2016, bungwe limodzi ladziko lonse la Russia, National Union of Agricultural Insurers, lakhala likugwira ntchito pamsika wa inshuwaransi yaulimi mothandizidwa ndi boma. Makampani a inshuwaransi okha - mamembala amgwirizanowu ndi omwe ali ndi ufulu womaliza mapangano a inshuwaransi mothandizidwa ndi boma; inshuwaransi imachitika motengera malamulo ofanana pa inshuwaransi iliyonse.