Mu Disembala 2023, UN General Assembly idalengeza Meyi 30 ngati Tsiku la Potato Padziko Lonse. Pofuna kusonyeza kufunika kwa mbatata pa miyoyo ya alimi ndi ogula, bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organization la United Nations (FAO) lasankha mutu wapanthaŵi yake wa tsikuli wakuti: “Kufesa mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chiyembekezo chakukula.”
Kodi cholinga cha International Potato Day ndi chiyani?
Mbatata ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zaulimi padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe amalima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cholowa m'mapiri a Andes mpaka m'mafamu akuluakulu azamalonda m'makontinenti onse. Chomera chachitatu chomwe chimadyedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chimapereka chakudya chokwanira komanso njira zopezera ndalama kwa anthu akumidzi ndi akumidzi padziko lonse lapansi.
Chikondwerero cha Tsiku la Mbatata Padziko Lonse chidzaphatikiza zotsatira za Chaka Chadziko Lonse cha Mbatata, chomwe chinakondwerera mu 2008. Iwonetsanso kufunikira kwa mbewu ngati chida chothana ndi njala, umphawi ndi zoopsa za chilengedwe zomwe zikuwopseza machitidwe azaulimi. Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse lidzakhalanso nthawi yokondwerera ntchito yofunika kwambiri yolima mabanja, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito amayi ambiri, kuteteza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata, ndikuwonetsanso zikhalidwe ndi zophikira pakulima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewuyi.
Mbatata ndi chakudya chofunikira chomwe chimadyedwa ndi anthu opitilira biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Tiyeni tibzale mbewu zamitundumitundu, tikule chiyembekezo
Panopa padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 5 ya mbatata yomwe yakonzedwa bwino, yolimidwa komanso yolimidwa bwino, yomwe yambiri imapangidwa ndikudyedwa ndi anthu amtundu wa kumapiri a Andes, omwe amayimira pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pali achibale akuthengo pafupifupi 000 a mbatata yolimidwa omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yofunikira, kuphatikiza kutha kuzolowera kusiyanasiyana kwachilengedwe komanso kukula, kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso zakudya zambiri.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kukula kwa tuber, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ndizodabwitsa. Ambiri mwa achibale akutchire a mbatata ndi osayenera kudyedwa ndi anthu, koma amapereka zopangira zopangira zokolola zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimatha kusintha kusintha kwa chilengedwe, kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, ndikukwaniritsa zomwe msika umakonda komanso zomwe amakonda.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
Mbatata imathandizira kuthetsa mavuto opititsa patsogolo ulimi, kupititsa patsogolo kadyedwe ka anthu, kukonza chilengedwe ndi kukonza moyo wabwino.
Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito: Kutengera kufalikira kwa njira zamakono zaulimi ndi matekinoloje akuluakulu zidzathandiza alimi mamiliyoni ambiri kukulitsa zokolola zawo ndi ndalama zawo.
- Ubwino wa machitidwe okhazikika a agronomic, kuphatikizapo kasamalidwe ka mbeu kaphatikizidwe, akuyenera kupangidwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo alimi ayenera kupatsidwa mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito.
- Limbikitsani njira zoweta kuti zithandizire kufunikira kwa mitundu yozindikira nyengo komanso yosinthidwa komweko.
- Alimi akuyenera kukhala ndi mbeu zapamwamba zamitundu yosinthika komanso yobala zipatso zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi momwe amapangira komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira.
- Ndikofunikira kupatsa alimi mwayi wophunzira njira zaulimi ndikugwiritsa ntchito umisiri watsopano kuti achulukitse zokolola ndikuchepetsa kutayika ndi zinyalala.
Kupititsa patsogolo kadyedwe kabwino. Mbatata imakhala ndi michere yambiri, mavitamini, mchere komanso michere yazakudya.
- Mbatata imakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri, yomwe imathandiza kupewa scurvy.
- Mbatata imakhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri, electrolyte yofunikira pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa mtima, minofu ndi manjenje.
- Mbatata peels ali ndi zakudya ulusi wofunikira kuti kagwire ntchito m'mimba ya munthu.
- Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za mbatata zimadalira kwambiri mitundu, nyengo, nthaka, njira zokulira, kusungirako ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, kukonza ndi kukonzekera.
- Mbatata ikhoza kukhala gawo la zakudya zopatsa thanzi, koma pokhapokha ngati zimadyedwa mochuluka, zimagwiridwa, zokonzedwa komanso zokonzedwa m'njira zina, komanso zogwirizana ndi zakudya zina zonse.
Kupititsa patsogolo chilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira mbatata zokhazikika kumatha kusintha kusintha kwanyengo ndikukulitsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.
- Pokulitsa mitundu yambiri yobereka kwambiri yogwirizana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, kulimba kwa machitidwe olima mbatata kumatha kuonjezedwa.
- Polima mitundu ya mbatata yomwe ili yotsika mtengo komanso yolimba, mutha kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
- Kasinthasintha wa mbeu kapena kasinthasintha wa mbatata amafunikira feteleza wochepera wa mankhwala motero amachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
- Njira zoyendetsera bwino zachilengedwe monga ulimi wothirira mwatsatanetsatane ndi ulimi wosamala ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, kuvomerezedwa ndi kufalitsidwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino. Mbatata ndi mbewu yayikulu yomwe imathandizira kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira komanso mwayi wokhala ndi moyo.
- Njira yamtengo wapatali ya mbatata, kuyambira kulima mpaka kukonza kowonjezera, kuyika ndi kutsatsa, imapatsa anthu akumidzi ndi akumidzi, kuphatikiza amayi ndi achinyamata, mwayi wopeza ntchito zabwino.
- M'madera akumidzi, mbale zambiri za mbatata ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zikupangidwa ndikugulitsidwa - iyi ndi bizinesi yodalirika kuchokera pamalingaliro amalonda a achinyamata.
- Kupeza zambiri zaukadaulo ndi misika zitha kupititsa patsogolo ndalama za alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe amasamalira mitundu yambiri ya mbatata.
Nkhani yodabwitsa ya mbatata: momwe mbadwa ya Andes idakhala wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi
Mbatata, yomwe mbiri yake inayambira ku Andes, nthawi ina inkatchedwa "duwa lachitukuko chakale cha Inca," yomwe inali mbewu yake yaikulu. M'zaka za zana la 500, mbatata idayambitsidwa ku Europe, komwe idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. M’zaka XNUMX zokha, chakhala chakudya chofunika kwambiri kwa ogula osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.
Kufalikira kwa mbatata kunathandiza kuchepetsa kudalira kwa anthu a ku Ulaya ku mbewu komanso kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mizinda poonjezera chakudya. Amakhulupirira kuti nthawi ya Qing Dynasty ku China, mbatata idapulumutsa anthu ku njala. Panthawi ya nkhondo monga Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, chinthu chokolola kwambiri ichi, chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza pang'ono, chinakhala njira yofunikira yowonetsetsa kuti chakudya chilipo. Kufunika kwa gawo la mbatata munthawi ngati izi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwapadera kwa iwo ngati chinthu chomwe chimapereka chakudya kwa anthu omwe ali m'magawo omwe akhudzidwa ndi zovuta, pomwe maunyolo ogulitsa zinthu sagwira ntchito ndipo mwayi wopeza chakudya uli pachiwopsezo. .
Mbiri ya mbatata ingafotokozedwe ndi mawu oyenerera akuti "ndalama ili ndi mbali ziwiri." Njala Yaikulu imene inakantha ku Ireland m’zaka za m’ma 1840 ikusonyeza mmene kusoŵeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini ndi ulimi kungabweretsere mavuto aakulu. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa majini osiyanasiyana mbatata, mbatata mochedwa choipitsa, chifukwa cha bowa Phytophthora infestans, anawononga mbatata mbewu m'dziko lonse, kuchititsa kulephera mbewu zomwe zinachititsa misa njala ndi mafunde kusamuka.
Kuti tipewe zovuta zamtsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbatata ikuthandizira kukula bwino kwaulimi wabwino ndi zakudya, kusiyanasiyana kuyenera kukulitsidwa ndikutetezedwa pamafamu ndi mbewu. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 5 ya mbatata padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo jini la jini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tuber iyi ndipo potero sizingochepetsa chiwopsezo chake ku tizirombo, matenda ndi zotsatirapo zake. kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kuonjezera kusintha kwake kwa kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa chilengedwe. Mayankho anzeru pamakina obzala mbewu ndi makina amakupatsirani mwayi wophatikizira mbatata munjira zosiyanasiyana zaulimi.
Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amamwa mbatata osakonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi akuchepa. Pa nthawiyi, mayiko ambiri akudya zakudya zophikidwa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mbatata, ndipo zimenezi zikuchititsa kuti matenda a kusowa kwa zakudya m’thupi afalikire.
Pali kusintha kwa chitukuko cha machitidwe a zaulimi ndi zakudya padziko lonse lapansi, pamene kuli kofunikira kuganiziranso kwambiri njira zopangira chakudya, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Mbatata imatha kulimidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, imatulutsa zokolola zambiri m'madera otentha komanso amapiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo yambiri yophikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pakuchitapo kanthu kuti apange njira zopangira zobiriwira, zopindulitsa komanso zofananira.
Itanani kuchitapo kanthu
Podya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata, sikuti timangokulitsa chikhalidwe chathu chophikira, komanso timathandizira kusunga zamoyo zaulimi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbatata padziko lonse lapansi, iliyonse yosiyana ndi mtundu, kukula, kukoma ndi zakudya zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala mbewu yayikulu, komanso gwero la kudzoza kophikira komanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zosiyanasiyana zaulimi. machitidwe.
Aliyense wa ife angathandize kuti zinthu zisinthe. Njira zowonjezerera kulima ndi kudya kwa mbatata zomwe zimayamba pa International Potato Day zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zomwe zingamveke pakapita nthawi. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo za zochitika zoterezi.
Maboma ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi atha:
- Kukhazikitsa malo olola, kuphatikiza malamulo ndi mabungwe, kukulitsa kupanga kosatha komanso kudya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata monga gawo lazakudya zabwino;
- kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha njira zopangira zokolola zambiri, zolimba komanso zosunthika momwe mbatata imabzalidwa molumikizana ndi mbewu zina;
- kuthandizira kafukufuku wofuna kupanga umisiri wosintha zinthu monga kupanga mitundu yosakanizidwa ya diploid ndi mbewu za mbatata za hybrid;
- Limbikitsani kusungirako kuzizira ndi njira zofalitsira mbeu za mbatata kuti alimi azitha kupeza ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yabwino nthawi zonse.
Makampani ogulitsa chakudya:
- Mutha kukhala apainiya pakupanga zinthu za mbatata! Pangani zakudya za mbatata zopatsa thanzi kuti ogula azitha kuzipeza komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala.
- Gwirani ntchito ndi alimi kuti mufufuze njira zatsopano zopangira chakudya chathanzi komanso kuyika bwino, komanso njira zatsopano zogawa zomwe zimaganizira ubwino wa chilengedwe cha mbatata.
Makolo ndi aphunzitsi:
- Mutha kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino! Mbatata akhoza kukhala mbali ya zakudya wathanzi, anapanga pa mfundo za zosiyanasiyana, moyenera, modekha ndi wokwanira. Ngati chikhalidwe chili choyenera, mbatata ikhoza kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi kusukulu ndi kunyumba. Alimbikitseni ana anu ndipo aphunzitseni zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
- Gulani mbatata zomwe zabzalidwa kwanuko kuti muthandizire alimi omwe amalima ndikuthandizira kuti dziko likhale lathanzi.
Mabungwe omwe si aboma ndi mabungwe aboma angathe:
- Kuchita zochitika zapagulu zomwe zikuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha mbatata, kuthana ndi nkhani zachitetezo cha chakudya, ndikupanga unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa mbatata;
- Kuyanjana ndi okonza ndondomeko ndi alimi, kuphatikizapo amayi, achinyamata ndi anthu amtundu wawo, kuti awonetsetse kuti zosowa zawo zikuganiziridwa pokonzekera ndi chitukuko cha ulimi;
- Gawani zitsanzo, zitsanzo zabwino ndi maphunziro omwe atengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zapafupi, komanso zatsopano zomwe zikuyenera kukulitsidwa.
Kodi kutenga nawo mbali?
Konzani chochitika
Konzani mwambo woti anthu onse akondwerere Tsiku la Mbatata Padziko Lonse. Mutha kuchititsa msonkhano wapa intaneti, wokambirana, kapena wozungulira ndi atsogoleri andale, aphunzitsi, asayansi, alimi, ndi ophunzira, ndikutsatiridwa ndi gawo la mafunso ndi mayankho kuti mulimbikitse kukambirana. Gawani zomwe mukudziwa komanso zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi anthu!
Minda yakunyumba ndi ya anthu ammudzi
Konzani gulu la pulojekiti ya mbatata m'dera kapena m'munda wapasukulu kuti muphunzitse achinyamata kulima mbatata, kuwaphunzitsa za ubwino wawo pa umoyo, ndi kuwapangitsa kukhala ndi chidwi ndi kadyedwe kabwino ka mbeuyo. Fufuzani mitundu ya mbatata yakumaloko.
Chenjerani ndi anthu
Lumikizanani ndi malo odyera omwe mumawakonda, malo ammudzi, mabungwe aboma kapena aboma, kapena malo odyera kusukulu ndikuwawuza za International Potato Day. Apempheni kuti avomereze ndikuphatikiza zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata pazakudya.
Konzani zakudya zokoma
Dziwani ngati mitundu yakumaloko ikhoza kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wofotokozedwa m'maphikidwe omwe mwasankha. Dziwani mitundu ya mbatata yomwe imagwira bwino ntchito. Ophika ndi okonda zakudya amatha kuwonetsa anzawo momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mitundu ya mbatata yomwe imasiyana ndi kukoma ndi kapangidwe ka mbale. Mabanja akhoza kupitiriza miyambo yawo yophikira pokumbukira mbale zomwe amakonda mbatata. Itanani anzanu ndi anzanu kuti agawane maphikidwe azakudya za mbatata zabwino komanso zathanzi.
Perekani mayankho anzeru!
Ngati mukupanga ukadaulo waukadaulo kapena muli ndi malingaliro osintha unyolo wamtengo wa mbatata, auzeni dziko lapansi za iwo! Titumizireni imelo za iwo pa International-Day-of-Potato@fao.org ndipo tidzafalitsa zomwe tikuzilandira patsamba lathu lovomerezeka.
Lowani nawo atolankhani pachikondwererochi
Gwiritsani ntchito omwe mumalumikizana nawo pawailesi yakanema kuti mufalitse uthenga wokhudza Tsiku la Mbatata Yapadziko Lonse kudzera m'manyuzipepala, patsamba lankhani, pazokambirana kapena pamisonkhano ya atolankhani.
Lalitsani mawu
Lowani nawo pazokambirana pa intaneti ndikuyika ndi hashtag #PotatoDay! Falitsani uthenga kudzera pa intaneti.
Zowona ndi ziwerengero
Pali za Pali mitundu 5 ya mbatata, ndipo izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha chakudya padziko lonse lapansi.. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kumeneku, mbewuyo imatha kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso njira zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zinthu zapadera malinga ndi kuthekera kwake.
Mbatata kupanga maziko a zakudya mabiliyoni a anthu ndipo ali Chachitatu ndi mbewu zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo mpunga ndi tirigu.
Mbatata imaphatikizidwa muzakudya za pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu okhala padziko lapansi, kusonyeza kufunika kwa tuber iyi pazakudya za anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Pakati pa 2000 ndi 2020, malo a mbatata padziko lonse adatsika ndi 17 peresenti, koma zokolola zidakwera ndi 11,25 peresenti. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yabwino komanso njira zamakono za agronomic amakulolani kupanga zinthu zambiri kuchokera kudera laling'ono ndikutenganso njira ina yopangira njira zopangira mbewu zokhazikika.
Kulikonse kumene amalima mbatata, Amayi akumidzi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusamalira, kulima, kukolola ndi kugulitsa. M'mayiko osauka, monga lamulo, ndi amayi omwe amalima mbewuyi.
Mbatata amalimidwa m'maiko 159 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo malo okwana mahekitala 17,8 miliyoni aperekedwa kwa iwo.. Dziko limapanga matani 374 miliyoni a mbatata pachaka.
Mbatata imakhala ndi antioxidants, zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza maselo a thupi kuti asawonongeke. Antioxidants amathandiza kukhala ndi cholesterol yabwino komanso potero kumathandizira kukhala ndi thanzi la mtima.
Mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi bio-based monga mapulasitiki owonongeka. Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilendo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa wowuma wa mbatata ndikupanga njira yosamalira zachilengedwe kuposa pulasitiki yachikhalidwe. Zida zotengedwa kuchokera mapuloteni a mbatata ndi wowuma, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma CD, monga zotengera zakudya ndi makapisozi mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, alibe gluteni komanso okonda zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yawo ikhale yopindulitsa pamakampani azakudya.
Potato Park ku Andes. M'mapiri a Andes, pafupi ndi Cusco, Peru, malo osungira mbatata okwana mahekitala 12 ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosowa kwambiri zosamalira zachilengedwe. Anthu a komweko amagwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga chibadwa cha mbatata ndi chidziwitso cha makolo awo pa kulima, kuteteza zomera ndi kusankha mbewu imeneyi. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kukhala chitsanzo kwa anthu amtundu wina chifukwa imachokera ku njira yabwino yosungiramo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo m'chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe amawadziwa bwino.
Kutengera pa International Potato Day 2024 Guide (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations).