Ndizowona bwanji kuti ungopeza (ingopeza, osapeza pogulitsa zinthu) ma 2000 euros pa hekitala? Kodi ndizotheka kupeza ma 2000 euro / ha pa zokolola zakumunda? "Zowonadi," akutero a Sergei Samonenko, director of Vimal.
Mitundu wowuma - chipulumutso cha mbatata ikukula
Kampani ya Vimal posachedwapa yakhazikitsa chomera chachikulu kwambiri ku Eastern Europe ku Chernigov. Zipangizo zomwe zaikidwapo zimatha kukonza matani 1440 a mbatata patsiku. Gawo loyamba, lotha kukonza 700 t / tsiku, likugwira kale ntchito. Wowuma omwe amapangidwa pano amakwaniritsa miyezo yonse yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatumizidwa kale ku Turkey, China komanso Holland - malo opangira wowuma. “Ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti izi sizothandiza. Chifukwa amalonda achi Dutch omwe akugulitsa padziko lonse lapansi satenga wowuma kwa ife, koma amabweretsa matumba awo omwe ali ndi zilembo, amalongedza starch yathu mufakitale yathu ndikuitumiza ku China, "akutero a Sergei Samonenko. Atapanga kupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kotere, Vimal tsopano akupanga gulu la ogulitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, chomeracho sichisowa mbatata iliyonse, koma ndi wowuma kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wowuma ali ndi 20%, chomeracho ndiokonzeka kulipira ma 0,09 euros / kg. "Timalipira mbatata 30% kuposa momwe amalipira ku European Union," akutero S. Samonenko. Makalasi apadera okha ndi omwe amatha kupatsa mphamvu. Chabwino, mwina ngakhale tchipisi - ngati chinthucho pazifukwa zina sichikhutitsa wopanga tchipisi, kapena ngati, monga chaka chathachi, nyengo idayamba kotero kuti m'malo mwa 16% yomwe idawonetsedwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, wowuma anali 20%, ndikupereka mbatata iyi nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa chomera cholimba kuposa chomera chips.
Woyang'anira kampaniyo "Vimal" Sergey Samonenko
Kulima mitundu yapadera ya wowuma, monga S. Samonenko adanena, akungoyamba ku Ukraine. Tsopano gawo la mitundu yotereyi siliposa 10% yazinthu zonse zomwe zimabweretsa ku Vimal. Zina zonse ndi zotsika mtengo za chip mitundu (wowuma wokhutira 14-16%) kapena mitundu yama tebulo (wowuma wokhutira 10-12%). Zachidziwikire, ndi kukhazikika kotereku, mtengo wololeza salola kuwerengera phindu lililonse: ngati zingathandizire china chake cha mbatata zosakhala bwino, ngati palibe nkhumba zowadyetsa mbatata izi.
Pakadali pano, Vimal imalandira mbatata pamtengo wotsatira: wokhala ndi wowuma wa 10-13% - 0,03-0,04 euros / kg; 13-15% - 0,05-0,06 mayuro / kg; 15-18% - 0,06-0,07 mayuro / kg; zoposa 18% - kuchokera ku 0,07 EUR / kg. Koma minda yambiri ya mbatata yayamba kale kuchita chidwi ndi mitundu ya wowuma. Msika udawakakamiza kuchita izi: kuchulukitsa kwa mbatata kunabweretsa mitengo yotereyi kuti minda idaganizira njira yothetsera kukula kwa mbatata, kugulitsa zida zapadera ndikuyang'ana chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa. Chifukwa chake, kulima mitundu ya wowuma kungakhale chipulumutso kwa minda ya mbatata kwakanthawi ngati m'badwo womwe ukudziwa momwe ungalimire okha mbatata uli wamoyo.
Sergey Samonenko amapereka kuwerengetsera ambiri chuma. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutola 50 t / ha ya mbatata wowuma, itha kugulitsidwa ma 4 euros. Palibe zinyalala pano, mosiyana ndi mbatata za patebulo: aliyense azikhala bwino kukonzanso. "Ngati famuyo ikanangosiya malowo pamunda, osabweretsa nawo," akuwonjezera motero S. Samonenko. Mulingo woterewu ndiwotheka. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa othandizana nawo pa Vimal pali famu yochokera kudera la Chernihiv, yomwe mu 650 idafika pamlingo wa 2018 t / ha. Koma mtengo wa kukula mbatata, malinga ndi S. Samonenko, tsopano ku Ukraine sichiposa 63 euros / ha. Ndipo izi zili ndi matekinoloje apamwamba, omwe amafunikira kulima mbatata zamalonda. Koma, monga wotsogolera kampani ya Vimal akukumbutsirani, mbatata zowuma sizifunikira kusungidwa, kusungidwa kapena kuphatikizidwa. Palibe chifukwa chosamalirira chiwonetserochi pakulima, ndipo izi zimachepetsa pang'ono mtengo wama fungicides ndi tizirombo. Mwachitsanzo, kuwononga tizilombo sikunangokhalira kukankhira tubers motsutsana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, ndipo zinali zokwanira. Kuwerengetsa kwa Vimal kukuwonetsa kuti pakukula mitundu ya wowuma m'malo mwa mitundu ya tebulo, mutha kusunga pa hekitala: pakusankha - mauro 2790 (124 euros / t); mankhwala awiri fungicidal - 2,79 mayuro;
pa gridi ya masamba - maora 86;
pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza - mpaka 48 maora;
m'malo mwa mankhwala oyamba ndi ma generic abwino - 54 mayuro. Ponseponse, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa zimakhala pafupifupi 412 € / ha, zomwe zimabweretsa mtengo pa hekitala mpaka 2378 €. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupeza ma 2000 euros pa hekitala. Zachidziwikire, pali minda pomwe 15 t / ha imakololedwa, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito kubzala zinthu zosadziwika, zimakula ndi manja awo, osati m'minda yambewu yoyang'aniridwa ndi makampani osankha; pomwe njirayi ndi yachikale ndipo siyidula zitunda, ndipo wokumbayo adasiya theka la mbewu panthaka. Koma ngakhale pankhaniyi, malinga ndi S. Samonenko, wolima mbatata atha kupeza ndalama. Chifukwa chake, famu imodzi yomwe amadziwika kuti adasunga ukadaulo ndipo idangotenga ma 1744 euros / ha, chifukwa chake zokolola zidangofika 30 t / ha. Nthawi yomweyo, okhutira anali 19,5%, zomwe zidalola kuti famuyo ipeze mayuro 951 pa hekitala.
Zomwe zinachitikira Vimal-Agro: Chinsinsi chake chili fungicides
Vimal sichinthu chongoyenga chabe chomwe chimakoka mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi pamaso pa omwe amapereka. Ndi kampani yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikugwira ntchito yokonza mbatata, zomangamanga ndi ulimi. Makamaka, kampani ya "Vimal" imaphatikizapo kampani yaulimi ya "Vimal-Agro", yomwe ili m'mudzimo. Chigawo cha Vybli Kulikovsky, dera la Chernihiv. Mwazina, kampani yaulimi mu 2018 idakula mbatata zowuma - Susanna ndi Eurostarch (onse osankhidwa a Europlant) ndi Kuras osankhidwa ndi Agrico. Malinga ndi a Yuriy Dyak, director of Record Agro, wogawa okha mitundu ya Europlant ku Ukraine, Eurostarch ndi nyengo yapakatikati mochedwa (nyengo yazomera - masiku 85-95), yolimbana ndi vuto lakumapeto, kachilombo koyambitsa masamba, mwendo wakuda, nematode, wofuna kukhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zingathe kukhala ndi wowuma wa 20-21% ndi zokolola mpaka 50 t / ha. Koma mitundu ya Susanna ili mkati koyambirira, yokhala ndi zokolola zomwezo komanso zowonjezereka (22,5%) zowuma, zosagonjetsedwa ndi metribuzin ndi matenda ambiri. Kampani yaulimi idakhala mahekitala 100 ndi mbatata zowuma. Zokolola za mbatata zinali 35 t / ha koyambirira kwa kukumba, ndipo 40 t / ha kumapeto. Monga S. Samonenko akutsimikizira, izi sizochuluka kwambiri zomwe chikhalidwechi chingapereke: mbatata zidakumbidwa kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, pomwe zokolola zochuluka zamtundu zimaperekedwa zikakumbidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembara-mzaka khumi zoyambirira za Okutobala. Chifukwa chake, kampani yaulimi "Vimal-Agro" yawonetsa chitsanzo cha kulima bwino kwa mbatata zowuma. "Tidafuna kuyambitsa ntchito yolima mbatata yolimba mu 1 - kudzala mahekitala 2014-5 ndikuwona zotsatira zake, kuwerengera chuma. Komabe, nkhondoyo idalephereka. Koma mu 10, panali kuyambiranso chidwi pantchitoyo: mzere wakukhazikika, nthawi yomweyo zinthu mumsika wa mbatata zinaipiraipira, zomwe zidakakamiza opanga kufunafuna njira zatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, chiyembekezo chakukula mitundu yowuma, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa kampaniyo "Vimal", ikuwoneka ngati ikulonjeza:
Chakudya | Wokometsetsa (wowuma 20%) | Chipsy | |
Kupanga, t / ha | 45 | 45 | 38 |
Msika,% | 85 | 100 | 80 |
Mtengo wogulitsa mbatata zogulitsa, euro. / Kg | 0,1 | 0,095 | 0,12 |
Wogulitsa mbatata wosagulitsa wosagulitsa, Euro. / Kg | 0,06 | 0,06 | |
Chuma chonse, chikwi cha Euro / ha: chonse | 4,26 | 4.28 | 4.11 |
kuchokera kugulitsa zinthu zogulitsa | 3,88 | 3,67 | |
kuchokera kugulitsa zinthu zopanda malonda kupita ku wowuma | 0,38 | 0,44 | |
Ndalama, chikwi cha Euro / ha | 3,22 | 2,34 | 2,98 |
Phindu, chikwi cha Euro / ha | 1,51 | 1,92 | 1,13 |
Pofotokoza zowerengera, S. Samonenko adati chiwonetsero chazogulitsa cha 80-85%, makamaka mbatata za patebulo, chimakhala chotsimikizika, chifukwa pakuchita izi mulingo wake umakhala 75 ndipo ngakhale 50%. Pofotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za nyengo yoyamba yolima mitundu yambiri ya mbatata mumitundu yayikulu, S. Samonenko adapeza zinsinsi ziwiri zazikulu. Yoyamba adapanga motere: "70% ya zokolola ndi mbewu zoyenera." Pogwiritsa ntchito njere zolondola, amatanthauza kubzala zinthu zakutchire zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zakuthupi, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito kubzala osati 1, koma kubereka kwachiwiri, mutha kuchepetsa mtengo wake kuchoka pa 2 mpaka 383 euros / kg. Komabe, chifukwa cha izi, zokolola 255% zatayika, zomwe zimawononga famuyo 15 euros / ha. Chifukwa chake, "ndalama" pazodzala zimasandulika kuwonongeka kokwanira kwa ma 636.942 euros / ha. Gawo lachiwiri la mitundu ya wowuma ndikuti amapanga zochuluka pamasabata atatu kapena awiri omaliza a nyengo yokula, ndiye kuti, mu Seputembala. “Mu Julayi, masiku ambiri atagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya mbatata, mitundu yowuma imawoneka yosasangalatsa: ma tubers akadali ochepa. Koma m'masabata awiri apitawa, kuchuluka kwakukulu pakukolola kumachitika, "akutero S. Samonenko.
Chifukwa chake, mitundu ya wowuma, kuposa ina iliyonse, imafunikira kusunga masamba obiriwira nthawi yokula. "Kusungidwa kwa masamba ambiri mchilimwe chonse, mpaka Seputembara, ndiye chinsinsi chachiwiri cha mitundu yolima ya wowuma," akutero S. Samonenko. Ndipo izi, malinga ndi iye, zikadakhala zosatheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides yabwino kwambiri, yomwe idapulumutsa unyinji wa zomera ku matenda, makamaka kuchokera ku Alternaria ndi vuto lakumapeto. Kampani "Vimal-Agro" yathira mbatata zake zowuma kamodzi ndi Propulse motsutsana ndi Alternaria ndipo katatu ndi Ditan motsutsana ndi vuto lakumapeto. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zisunge mbatata nthawi yachilimwe mpaka Seputembala. Ndipo popanda izi, kampani yaulimi ikadapanda kulandira zokolola za mitundu yowuma yomwe imalola kuti ipeze.
Chinsinsi chachitatu chokula mitundu yowuma, adaitcha feteleza wa mbatata ndi potaziyamu sulphate m'malo mwa mankhwala enaake. "Kugwiritsa ntchito sulphate m'malo mwa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake kumawonjezera kukhuthala," adalongosola S. Samonenko. Obereketsa kampani ya Europlant amadziwa kuti potaziyamu mankhwala enaake amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ochepa: mchaka - osaposa 80 kg / ha. Koma kuchuluka kwa ntchito K2О yolimbikitsidwa pamlingo wa 190-250 kg / ha. Komanso, simuyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa kukhuthala. Monga Yuri Dyak adanenera, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya nayitrogeni sayenera kupitirira 100 kg / ha, ndipo kuyambitsa kwa izi kuyenera kuyimitsidwa isanafike nthawi yophukira. Mlingo wabwino kwambiri wa phosphorous, malinga ndi iye, ndi 120 kg / ha. Komanso, mitundu yotsika imafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa magnesium pamlingo wa 80 makilogalamu / ha mu waukulu.
Chifukwa chake, mitengo yolima 1 ha ya mitundu ya mbatata yolimba ndi iyi: kubzala zinthu za 1 zobereketsa pakubzala kwa 42 zidutswa / ha zamitundu yochedwa ndi 44 zidutswa / ha zam'mbuyomu - 1146.49 euros / ha; kwa feteleza - 500 euros / ha; zopangira zoteteza mbewu - 350 euros / ha; mafuta - 200 mayuro / ha; ndalama zina (malipiro, lendi, kutsika, etc.) - 574 euros / ha. Mwambiri, malinga ndi S. Samonenko, ukadaulo waulimi wa mitundu yambiri ya mbatata umatikumbutsa zaulimi wa mbatata. Izi zimalola olima mbatata kuti asinthe mosavuta mitundu ya wowuma ndipo, malinga ndi kuyambitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba waulimi, amapeza ma euro 2000 / ha - kuposa momwe mbewu ina iliyonse yamunda imaperekera.