Nkhani yabodza pamsika wazogulitsa zoteteza kuzomera (makamaka ngati opanga zaulimi amagula ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achinyengo kapena osalembetsa ku Russia) siimodzi mwazomwe zimakambidwa poyera: anthu safuna kukopa chidwi a oyang'anira, koma osangoganizira za chiopsezo chake.
M'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi kum'mwera kwa Russia, malinga ndi zomwe sizinachitike, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa alimi mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo a isophenphos-methyl. Zosavomerezeka, chifukwa ku Russia kulibe mankhwala olembetsedwa kutengera izi, koma pokambirana "popanda mawu achinyengo" alimi amatsimikizira izi.
"Izi ndi zazikulu, zili ngati moto kumwera kwathu," m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga zaulimi amagawana zomwe wazindikira ndi mtolankhani wa "Potato System". ...
Mankhwalawa mwachiwonekere alibe mbiri yabwino pachitetezo cha ogula, ngakhale zili choncho pali zambiri zodalirika pankhaniyi, ndi mankhwala okalamba kwambiri: isophenphos-methyl idalembetsedwa koyamba mu 1975.
Malinga ndi zomwe atolankhani amapatsidwa ndi atolankhani a Rosselkhoznadzor, isophenphos-methyl imadziwika ndi poyizoni wakumwa kwa anthu (LD50 21,52 mg / kg). Zimawoneka mozungulira nthawi imodzi ndi isophenphos, komabe, zotsatira zakutali zomwe zimakhudza thupi la munthu siziphunziridwa kwenikweni. Isofenphos ndi isophenophos-methyl amadziwika kuti ndi oopsa ndi United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Kutengera njira zowunika mwatsatanetsatane zopangidwa ndi US National Toxicology Program, mankhwalawa adalembedwanso ngati osokoneza bongo. Ku European Union, zinthu izi zimawerengedwa kuti "zachikale". Ku China, isophenphos-methyl, pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena owopsa, amachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Nchiyani chimakopa alimi amakono mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ndi achikale komanso owopsa?
Malinga ndi a Konstantin Onatsky, oyang'anira mbewu ndi mankhwala ku FMC, isophenphos-methyl idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya Volgograd, Rostov ndi madera ena akumwera kwa Russia, kuyesa kuchotsa fodya pa anyezi. Ngakhale katswiriyu ali wotsimikiza kuti zovuta polimbana ndi tizilombo sizinachitike chifukwa chosowa mankhwala othandiza pamsika, koma chifukwa cholephera kugwira nawo ntchito (osatsatira malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito).
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa isophenphos-methyl, kuchokera pakuwona kwa akatswiri, kumakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri pantchitoyo (kuphatikiza mbiri ndi zovomerezeka). "Iyi ndi mankhwala ochokera ku China," akutero a Konstantin Onatsky, "Sitikudziwa zodetsa zomwe zimakhalapo kuphatikiza pa mankhwalawo, koma amathanso kukhala owopsa, komanso kuwopsa kwake kwa anthu ndi chikhalidwe, kutalika kwake ikhalabe m'nthaka ndi momwe adzagwere pofika nyengo zikubwerazi, sizikudziwika.
Milandu yomwe chithandizo chamankhwala achinyengo chimapangitsa kuti zomera zisawonongeke, ngakhale kufa kwa mbewu, zimalembedwa ku Russia chaka chilichonse.
Tisaiwale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo owonongeka kumawononga chilengedwe (kumayambitsa kuipitsa nthaka, madzi apansi ndi madzi apamtunda), ndipo kumakhudza thanzi la ogula chakudya.
Komabe, izi sizimayimitsa aliyense: malinga ndi bungwe la Russian Union of Manufacturers of Chemical Plant Protection Products, m'malo ena msika wokhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo opusitsa amafikira 30%.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa ndikupezeka kwa mankhwalawa. Zotsatsa zogulitsa isofenphos-methyl imapezeka mosavuta m'malo ochezera a pa Intaneti komanso amithenga apompopompo.
Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) ili ndi udindo woyang'anira kulowetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals kudera la Russia, komanso kutsatira malamulo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zaulimi. Koma bungweli lakhala likugwira ntchitoyi kuyambira pa June 29 chaka chino, kuyambira pomwe boma la Federal Law nambala 109-FZ "linayamba kugwira bwino ntchito".
Kuyambira lero, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera kumayiko ena ndi ma agrochemicals amalowa mdziko lathu kudzera m'malo ena ofufuza malire (alipo 14 onse), okhala ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja.
Nthawi yomweyo, ulamuliro wa Rosselkhoznadzor suphatikiza kuyang'anira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala omwe tapatsidwa kuchokera kumayiko omwe ndi mamembala a Mgwirizano wa Zachuma ku Eurasian, ndipo uwu ndiye muzu wamavuto. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri azamautumiki, opanga aku China mzaka zaposachedwa asinthanso kupezeka kwa mankhwala omwe achotsedwa ku Middle Kingdom kupita kumsika wosayang'aniridwa bwino wa mayiko aku Central Asia, komwe mankhwalawa amalowerera mosavuta ku Russia. Mwa njira, malinga ndi zomwe alimi awona, isophenphos-methyl imayenda chimodzimodzi: kuchokera ku China imapita ku Kazakhstan, kenako kumagawo aku Russia.
"M'mikhalidwe yotseguka pakati pa mayiko mamembala a Eurasian Economic Union, ndizosatheka kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zothana ndi mankhwala abodza ophera mankhwala ndi ma agrochemical zimangodalira khama la Rosselkhoznadzor," dipatimenti ikuyankha izi.
Poletsa msewu wa mankhwala osalembetsa ndi achinyengo, lingaliro la EAEU likufunika, zosankha zomwe zingachitike zidakambidwa kale ndi maphwando (makamaka, msonkhano pamutu woyenera unachitikira pamalo a Eurasian Economic Commission pa Ogasiti 4), koma malingaliro a Rosselkhoznadzor sanathandizidwebe.
Pakadali pano, sikuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhawo omwe ali ndi zokayikitsa komanso zokhutira, komanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakula chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito, zimawopseza nzika.
Choyamba, tikulankhula za masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapereka ku Russia kwa mayina angapo zakula kwambiri chaka chatha. Monga mukudziwa, pakadali pano, zikagulitsidwa mdziko muno, zinthuzi sizimayang'aniridwa ngati zili ndi zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma agrochemicals, koma gulu lililonse limasanthulidwa mosamala kuti kupezeka zinthu zopatulira za EAEU. Opanga, poopa kubwereranso kwa katundu, nthawi zambiri amaonjezera dala mitengo yogulitsira dala, ndipo izi zimaperekedwa mwaulere kumasitolo aku Russia.
Njira yothetsera vutoli, kuchokera pakuwona kwa Rosselkhoznadzor, iyenera kukhala kukhazikitsidwa kwa zosintha pamalamulo pankhani yothana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma agrochemicals, kupatsa bungweli mphamvu yolamulira pamtunduwu "kuchokera Munda wotsutsa ", kuphatikiza pazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko ena.
"Kuwongolera mosamala chitetezo cha zopangidwa kuchokera kwa wopanga kapena panthawi yololeza katundu wogulitsidwa asanagawidwe tating'onoting'ono ndikugulitsa ndiye njira yokhayo yothetsera kufalikira kwa zinthu zosatetezeka ndikudziwitsa omwe akupanga ndi kulowetsa omwe osatsatira malamulo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ", - atero akatswiri a Rosselkhoznadzor.
Ndizovuta kunena ngati gawo lautumiki lidzakulitsidwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mpaka chaka chino Rosselkhoznadzor analibe mphamvu zoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwa zaka 10.
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