Roman Viklenko, wamkulu wa zaulimi pa famu "Kirby", Republic of Kyrzizstan
Dera la Kyrgyzstan lili pafupifupi mahekitala 20 miliyoni, pomwe mahekitala 10,6 miliyoni a nthaka, kuphatikizapo mahekitala 1,2 miliyoni a malo olimapo omwe ali ndi malo okwanira mahekitala 0,8 miliyoni.
Ambiri mwa anthu (opitilira 60%) amakhala kumidzi, ndipo miyoyo yawo mdziko muno imadalira pakupanga kwa zinthu zaulimi.
Chikhalidwe cha gawo lalikulu ladzikoli ndi lalikulu kontrakitala, ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri komanso nyengo yozizira. M'madera a m'chigwa chaulimi, nthawi yotentha kutentha kwamlengalenga kumakwera kufika pa 45-48 ° C, nthawi yozizira nthawi zina kumatsika mpaka -30 ° C ndi chivundikiro chaching'ono, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kozungulira 12-15 ° C kuposa nthawi yamasana.
Mpweya wokwanira wapachaka sumapitilira 500 mm, mosiyanasiyana pazaka ndi zigawo zomwe zimakonda kugwa kwamvula koyambirira. Kupatula malinga ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi madera ena, makamaka, gawo laulimi la beseni la Issyk-Kul - chifukwa champhamvu ya nyanja yamapiri ya Issyk-Kul.
Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe komanso nyengo yadzikoli ndi yabwino pakulima mbewu zambiri zaulimi, kuphatikiza masamba onse. Mbatata zimabzalidwa pafupifupi kulikonse ku Republic.
Mbiri ya mbatata yomwe ikukula mdzikolo ili ndi zaka zopitilira zana.
Mwina mbatata zidabwera ku Kyrgyzstan kumapeto kwachiwiri kwa zaka za zana la 19, koma sizinafalikire nthawi imodzi: zinthu zomwe nyama zimayambira zimapezeka makamaka m'zakudya za nzika zam'dzikolo (zomwe zimachitika kwa anthu osamukasamuka). Kutchuka kwa mbatata kunayamba kukula kale munthawi ya Soviet, ndipo chidwi chachikulu pachikhalidwe chinayamba kulipidwa mzaka za m'ma 90, pomwe Republic idadzilamulira. Kupanga mbatata kwawonjezeka pafupifupi kanayi kuyambira 1992, kuyambira matani 360 mpaka mbiri miliyoni 000 miliyoni mu 1,36 (FAO data, 2007).
Masiku ano, kukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula ku Kyrgyzstan ndizovuta chifukwa chosowa mbewu zabwino kwambiri, mitundu yazipatso, zida ndi umisiri. Palibe mbewu zokonzera mbatata, chifukwa chake, mitengo yamsika yazogulitsayo ndiyosakhazikika.
Malinga ndi lingaliro la bungwe, zaulimi ku Kyrgyz Republic pakadali pano zimadziwika ndi minda yaying'ono yaboma, yomwe idachitika chifukwa chogawa malo ndi minda yamagulu onse aboma. Ambiri mwa alimi alibe ndalama zofunikira kuti achite bwino. Zotsatira zachindunji za izi ndi zokolola zochepa pantchito, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ndalama zosasunthika, zoopsa zazikulu pakupanga, kusakhazikika komanso ndalama zochepa pakupanga mbewu.
Koma palinso minda yomwe ili ndi zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito bwino. Monga tafotokozera Uralbek Nogoibaev, General Director wa Eurasia Gulu Kyrgyzstan (kampaniyo ikugwira ntchito yopereka zida zaulimi John Deere, JCB, GRIMME, Väderstad, ndi ena ku Kyrgyzstan), chitukuko chawo chimakhala makamaka chifukwa chokhazikitsa matekinoloje amakono .
Mlimi wamba "Kirby"
Chui (Alamedin district) ndi madera a Issyk-Kul (chigawo cha Tyup)
Famu yayikulu kwambiri yolima mbatata komanso yopanga mbatata ku Republic
Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ku 1997 ku Bishkek. Dzinalo "Kirby" lidawoneka chifukwa chakuwonjezera kwa mawu oti "Kyrgyzstan" ndi "Bishkek".
Mzere woyamba wa ntchito inali kukonza mbatata: bizinesiyo idakhazikitsa mzere wopanga tchipisi. Patatha zaka zitatu, kampaniyo idayambanso kupanga zopangira, kenako ndikuwonjezera zokolola zake.
Tsopano famu "Kirby" ndiye bizinesi yotsogola ku Kyrgyz Republic yopanga tchipisi. Zogulitsazo zimapangidwa pansi pa dzina la PIR.
Kuphatikiza pa mbatata, famuyo imakula tirigu wachisanu ndi masika, tirigu wachisanu ndi kasupe, kugwiriridwa m'nyengo yozizira, mpendadzuwa, soya, mapira, imayambitsa nyemba mu kasinthasintha wazomera popanga udzu ndi mbewu, sainfoin.
Malo okwanira olimapo mbewu zaulimi mdera la Chui ndi mahekitala 450, kuchokera mahekitala 70 mpaka 100 a malo olimapo amapatsidwa chaka chilichonse mbatata. Ku Issyk-Kul oblast, malowa ndi mahekitala 310, mahekitala 35-40 amapatsidwa mbatata.
M'minda ya famuyi mumakhala tchipisi tating'ono tomwe timachedwa, ndipo mitundu yoyambirira imapangidwanso kuti izikonzedwa m'munda.
Kuchuluka kwa mbatata m'zaka zaposachedwa m'dera la Chui kuli pamlingo wa 450 c / ha, zokolola zazikulu ndi matani 3700. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu za mbatata mdera la Issyk-Kul ndi 400-450 c / ha, zokolola zake zonse ndi matani 1000-1500.
Kukula kwa mbewu. Zipatso za mbewu za osankhika komanso apamwamba kwambiri zimapezeka ndi famu ku Germany ndipo zimachulukitsa m'chigawo cha Tyup ku Issyk-Kul. Kuyambira 2020, famuyi yakhala ikuyesa mbatata zaku Russia.
Posachedwa, famuyo ikukonzekera kupeza mwayi wopanga mbewu, kuti mulimitse mbewu zabwino kwambiri kwa alimi akumaloko. Kampaniyo ikuchitapo kanthu kale kuti ikwaniritse cholingachi: mwachitsanzo, chaka chatha, mbatata zapa Solana zidagulidwa kuti ziswane.
Njira... Makina a matayala a John Deere 6195 M ndi 6135 B amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mbatata.Kubzala kumachitika ndi chomera cha GRIMME GL430, kukolola kumachitika ndi mzere umodzi komanso mizere iwiri yolumikizira kuphatikiza GRIMME SE 75-40 ndi GRIMME SE 260.
Kusunga. M'munda wa "Kirby" pali malo osungira mbatata a mbewu ndi mbatata. Mbatata zambewu zimayikidwa m'mabokosi asanu ndi limodzi osungira nthawi yayitali ozizira, kutentha kwake kumasungidwa mkati mwa 3,2-3,8 ° C. Mphamvu yonse yosungira mbewu ndi matani 610. Pali mabokosi anayi osungira nthawi yayitali a mbatata, awiri mwa iwo ali ndi makina othandizira mpweya ndi awiri - okhala ndi machitidwe ozizira. Kutentha kosungira kumasungidwa mkati mwa 6-7 ° C. Mphamvu yonse yosungira mbatata ndi matani 2800.
Mu 2020, malo osungira mbatata atsopano omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakono adamangidwa mdera la Kirby farm m'boma la Tyup, zida zatsopano zosungira kuchokera ku GRIMME ndi SKALS zidagulidwa. Malo osungiramo zinthu ali ndi zipinda ziwiri zomwe zimatha matani 600 lililonse.
Kuthirira. Owaza Drum amtundu wa Nettuno amaikidwa m'malo obzalidwa pafamu ya Kirby. Popeza mvula imagwa pang'ono mdzikolo komanso kutentha nthawi yotentha sikunachitike, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka izisungunuka nthawi zonse. M'tsogolomu, kampaniyo ikuyembekeza m'malo mwa zida zomwe zilipo (zomwe zimafunikira ndalama zambiri pantchito) ndi makina ozungulira othirira, chifukwa chake ikuyembekeza kukweza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.
Nthaka. Famuyo imagwira ntchito mwadongosolo kukonza nthaka. Chaka chilichonse, mbewu za manyowa obiriwira zimafesedwa m'minda, mbewu zomwe bizinesiyo imadzipangira yokha. Kuyesa ukadaulo wa No-till kukuchitika, komwe kumalola kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa ntchito zaulimi, chifukwa chake, kumachepetsa mtengo wopangira.
Chaka chino, famuyo yakulitsa malo obzala mbatata, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nyengo ikubwerayi ipambana kwa onse omwe amalima mbatata ku Republic.
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