Pakatikati pa maluwa, kuphukira kwakukulu kwa ma tubers kumachitika, kuchuluka kwake ndi kukula kwake komwe kumadalira kwambiri momwe mitengo yamaluwa idakulira. Panthawi yofunikira iyi, mbatata zimafunikira kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba komanso kutetezedwa ndi kafadala wa mbatata wa Colorado.
Tiona zonse zitatu zosamalira, komanso kupenda payokha zifukwa zomwe mbatata sizikhala pachimake kapena maluwa amawonekera kanyengo. Nthawi zambiri zimatengera mitundu, koma nthawi zina wolowa m'munda amafunika.
Makhalidwe a mbatata maluwa. Munthu amangofunika ma tubers. Ngakhale nsonga, zomwe zimayamwa michere yambiri m'nthaka, zimawoneka ngati zowonjezera zomwe ziyenera kupilira. Kodi tinganene chiyani za maluwa: amawoneka ngati tiziromboti zopanda pake konse, mwachidwi kutulutsa zabwino zonse kuchokera ku chomeracho. Chifukwa chake nthanthi idabadwa kuti mutha kukulitsa zokolola ngati mutachotsa maluwa ndi masamba akumwambamwamba panthawi yophuka.
Koma mbatata ndi chamoyo chovuta kwambiri chokhala ndi pulogalamu yawoyiyo yoswana, yomwe ma tubers ndi njira yokhayo yosungira anthu. Chitsamba chimakhudzana ndikuchotsa masamba ndi masamba apamwamba ngati chiwopsezo chokha.
Chomera chovulalacho chimakhala chodwala pang'ono, kapena chimapanga mphukira zochulukirapo kuti zitheke. Mwachilengedwe, maluwa atsopano ofunikira kuti atukutsire zinthu adzachotsedwa ku ma tubers. Yabwino kwambiri momwe owonera amalipira kawiri. Masamba atsopano sawoneka ngati mutachotsa maluwa kale. Komano njirayi siyimveka nkomwe, chifukwa maluwa atamwa kale michere.
Palinso ngozi ina. Pamunda wa mbatata pamakhala chitsamba chimodzi chodwala. Kudula masamba ndi masamba, wosamalira mundawo samataya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atagwiritsa ntchito chomera chilichonse, chifukwa chake, kudzera mabala otseguka pamiphukira, amawapatsira matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Chifukwa cha kufunitsitsa kuchulukitsa pang'ono mbewuyo, mutha kutaya gawo lalikulu la mbewuyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, zidakhazikitsidwa pongoyesera kuti timizere tiwiri tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa tchihlahla tokhala ndi maluwa ochotsedwa kuposa mbewu zomwe zidachita maluwa. Koma ngati tchire silinavulala, mbatata zimakula ndikukula.
Ndikofunika kuti muchotse masamba pokhapokha mutakula mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodzala, pomwe kuchuluka kwa tubers ndikofunikira kuposa kukula kwawo.
Mlingo wa mbatata
Ngati mukuwona maluwa ochulukitsa - ambiri pamaso panu - mtundu uliwonse wakale wotsimikiziridwa. Posachedwa, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yomwe imaphuka pang'ono kapena kusowa maluwa. Zambiri zopangira tchire pamtunda zosowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yoyambirira ya Rocco ndi Mariella sichimatulutsa. Zosiyanasiyana Masika m'chilimwe chouma sizingakhale pachimake, ndipo chinyezi chabwinobwino chimamasuka mwachangu kwambiri. Mabasi obzalidwa mumthunzi samatulutsa bwino.
Kutulutsa kwa mbatata sikukhudza mwachindunji mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa ma tubers, koma kusakhalapo kwa maluwa nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuti wolimi uja adalakwitsa ndipo mbewuyo ili pachiwopsezo.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi kupindika kwa chiwembuchi, palinso zifukwa ziwiri zomwe mbatata sizimatulutsa:
- mbewu zimasowa chinyezi. Ngati kuthirira mwachangu sikunakonzedwe, tubers sudzapanganso kukula pansi, chifukwa, zokolola zomwe zimakololedwa mu yophukira zidzakhala zochepa;
- m'nthaka - feteleza owonjezera komanso feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Pankhaniyi, zimayambira zamphamvu, m'malo momakutidwa ndi masamba, gonani pansi. Ndikofunikira kusiya kuthirira, kudula nsonga za nsonga (pafupifupi kotala kutalika kwa tsinde), kenako onjezani phulusa kunthaka (galasi pa mita imodzi ya mabedi), kumasula pansi ndikuwombera tchire.
Mu nyengo yonyowa, mutatha chilala chambiri, nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mbatata imaphukanso kachiwiri. Zowonadi ndizakuti chifukwa cha kutentha, tubers timaleka kukula, ndipo mvula ikagwa, "kasupe wachiwiri" amabwera mbatata ndipo chitsamba chikuyesera kupanga nthawi yotayika. Kutsirira ndibwino kupewa vutoli. Komanso tchire komwe masamba amachotsedwa limatha kutulutsa mobwerezabwereza.
Kuthirira mbatata pa maluwa
Panthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, tchire la mbatata limafunika chinyezi. Ngati kulibe mvula, ndiye kuti masamba oyambilira atawonekera, thirirani mbeu zochuluka: pafupifupi malita atatu a madzi pachitsamba chilichonse. Kufunika kothirira ndikosavuta kudziwa: ndikokwanira kukhudza pansi mwakuya kwa masentimita 3-5 kuchokera pansi. Ngati yonyowa, ndibwino kuchedwetsa kuthirira, chifukwa kuchuluka kwazinyezi kungawononge ma tubers achinyamata.
Mbatata zimathiridwa m'mawa kapena madzulo. Pa tsiku lachiwiri zitachitika izi, muyenera kumasula dothi ndikudulira zitsamba, kuti mizu ilandire osati madzi okha, komanso mpweya. Pakatha milungu iwiri, dothi likadzayambiranso, muthanso kuthilira mabedi.
Mu nyengo youma, mutathirira, ndikofunikira kuti kuphimba pansi ndi mulch: udzu kapena udzu wouma. Njirayi simatenga nthawi yochulukirapo komanso kuyesetsa, koma simuyenera kudandaula kuti atukula tubers mu kugwa kuti akhale ochepa kapena osweka.
Kukulitsa mbatata zamaluwa
Ma tubers omwe akutuluka amafunika zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuvala mbatata ziwiri zoyambira kumachitika nthawi yamaluwa:
- kumayambiriro kwa kufalikira kuti maluwa azithamanga (pa mita imodzi ya mabedi m'nthaka amapanga supuni zitatu za phulusa ndi supuni ya potaziyamu);
- 4-5 patatha masiku chiyambi cha maluwa ambiri kuti tifulumizitse kukula kwa ma tubers (supuni ziwiri za superphosphate - pamtunda wamayilo pabedi).
Komanso kumayambiriro kwa kuphukira, kuvala zovala zapamwamba zingachitike. Zotheka ndi malita 10 amadzi (pamtunda wa mbatata zana limodzi):
30-40 g wa urea;
50 g wa potaziyamu sulfate;
10-20 g wa ammonium nitrate;
sakanizani 2 g zamkuwa sulphate, 10 g wa potaziyamu mchere, 40 g wa ammonium nitrate, 200 g wa superphosphate.
Kuteteza mbatata zamaluwa ku kachilomboka ka mbatata za Colorado
Vuto ndiloti mbatata nthawi yamaluwa siziyenera kufwiridwa ndi mankhwala kuti athane ndi kafadala wa mbatata wa Colorado. Tizilombo tiyenera kuwononga pamanja. Kuphatikiza pakuphatikiza kwamakina mchidebe, mankhwala azitsamba angathandize:
- safa kilogalamu ya phulusa, sakanizani ndi 10 l lamadzi, chithupsa pomwe chimazizira - onjezani 40-50 g ya sopo yochapira yopondera pa grater yabwino;
- fumbi tchire ndi chimanga.
Ndalamazi zilizonse zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi tsiku lililonse la 7-10. Ngati pali tizirombo tambiri, mbatata zamaluwa ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala. Oyenera, mwachitsanzo, "Bitoxibacillin", "Akarin" kapena "Fitoverm".
Kusamalira mbatata mutatha maluwa
Pamene mbatata itulutsa, ndikosatheka kuthirira tchire: chinyezi chochulukirapo ndi malo abwino pokhalitsa moipitsa. Kudyetsa sikofunikanso.
Pomwe nsonga zake zimakhala zobiriwira, zimapakidwa maulendo angapo ndi mankhwala wowerengeka a kachilomboka wa mbatata ya Colorado. Mankhwala amphamvu sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa miyezi iwiri musanakolole. Chifukwa chake, ndalama zoterezi ndizoyenera mitundu yamtsogolo.
Source: https://kartofan.org/osobennosti-cveteniya-kartofelya.html
