Mitundu yonse ya mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu kaundula wa boma. Izi zisanachitike, mbewuzo ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi kuyesa kukhalapo kwa ma GMO, kulandira satifiketi yabwino. Zoterezi zafotokozedwa mubilu ya boma pakupanga mbewu yomwe idaperekedwa ku State Duma. Zosintha zomwe zikuyembekezera olima mbewu zapakhomo komanso nkhani zokhudzana ndi chitukuko chamakampani zomwe zikufunikabe kuthetsedwa zidakambidwa pamsonkhano wa Federation Council pa Epulo 5.
Kulimbana ndi GMOs ndi msika wowonekera
Lamulo lokhudza mbewu liyenera kulowa m'malo mwa lamulo lomwe lilipo pano la 1997, lomwe ndi lachikale kwambiri. "Chikalata chatsopanochi chikufuna kusintha kwambiri momwe zinthu ziliri pakupanga mbewu zapakhomo," atero a Roman Nekrasov, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yopanga mbewu ku Unduna wa Ulimi, pamsonkhano wa Federation Council pa Epulo 5.
Lamuloli likutsatira zolinga ziwiri zofunika: kuteteza msika wapakhomo ku mbewu zomwe zili ndi ma GMO otumizidwa kuchokera kunja, komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kuswana kwapakhomo.
"Kuti titsitsimutse kamenyedwe ka mbeu zapakhomo, kuwonekera poyera ndikofunikira," atero mkulu wa Unduna wa Zaulimi. Kuti izi zitheke, chikalatacho chikufuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa kaundula wa mbewu umodzi, womwe udzakhale gawo la federal state information system (FSIS).
M'mbuyomu, mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu iyenera kulandira chiphaso chabwino, chomwe chidzawonetsa kugawa kwawo, komanso zizindikiro zina zogwirira ntchito zachuma. Chowonadi ndi chakuti masiku ano zinthu zosasangalatsa kwambiri zachitika pamsika wambewu waku Russia chifukwa chakuchulukira kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika kwambiri. Mizu ya vutoli imabwerera ku zaka za m'ma 90, pamene, pogwiritsa ntchito kugwa kwa malo obereketsa zoweta, opanga akunja anabwera kumsika wathu ndikupereka katundu wotchipa wa khalidwe lochepa mofanana.
M’zomera monga soya, chimanga, mpendadzuwa, ndi mbatata, mbewu zimatengedwa kuchokera ku 20 mpaka 80 peresenti. Choyipa kwambiri ndi mbewu za beet - 93 peresenti! Pa nthawi yomweyo, kulipira ndalama zambiri zakunja chaka chilichonse kwa makampani ambewu akunja, alimi athu salandira zitsimikizo za kumera kwa mbewu zogulidwa. Malinga ndi a Rosselkhoznadzor, m'magulu ogulidwa ndi mabizinesi apakhomo mu 2019, mpaka 30 peresenti ya mbewu sizinagwirizane ndi mitundu yomwe idalengezedwa komanso kufesa. Kutayika kwa ma agro-industrial complex chifukwa cha mbewu zosakhazikika kuyambira 2019 kudaposa ma ruble 327 miliyoni.
Purezidenti wa Russia ndi Wapampando wa Bungwe la Federation, Valentina Matvienko, adafotokoza za mavuto akulu pakupanga mbewu zapakhomo. "Zomwe zikuchitika pano sizikugwirizana ndi kukula kwamphamvu zaulimi zomwe dziko lathu limadzinenera," Sergei Mitin, Wachiwiri Wapampando wa Federation Council Committee on Agricultural and Food Policy and Environmental Management, adakumbukira mawu ake. Iye adatsindika kuti chitukuko cholowa m'malo mwa mbewu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. "Chikalata chopangidwa ndi Boma nthawi zambiri chimakwaniritsa ntchitoyi, komabe, sizovuta zonse zomwe zidathetsedwa, chifukwa chake ntchito pabiluyo ipitilira, ndipo maseneta akufuna kupanga zosintha zingapo powerenganso kachiwiri," adalonjeza Senator. .
Asayansi akuyembekezeredwa kuti achitepo kanthu
Pofuna kuthana ndi kutumizidwa kwa njere zomwe zili ndi ma GMO, Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Rosselkhoznadzor akufuna kupanga njira yosunthira mbande zambewu mdziko muno ndikuwunika kayendedwe kake. Zofunikira zovomerezeka zidzakhazikitsidwa pakupanga, kuyendetsa, kuyendetsa, kusunga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zaulimi. "Kuwongolera zomwe zili mumbewu zosinthidwa chibadwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zakuthupi ndi zinthu zamtundu wobiriwira. Russia ili ndi mwayi wochuluka komanso wotumiza kunja m'mafakitalewa, "atero a Sergei Belousov, Wachiwiri kwa Wapampando wa Federation Council Committee on Agricultural and Food Policy and Environmental Management.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi senema, dziko lathu likutsalirabe m'munda wa njira zamakono zoyendetsera zinthu za GMO.
Malinga ndi mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ndi Sayansi, Vugar Bagirov, njira zotere zapangidwa ndikuyesedwa mpaka pano kokha kwa beet ndi njere za mbatata; ntchito idakalipo pa mbewu zina (pali zopitilira makumi anayi pa mbewu za mpendadzuwa). Mndandanda wa boma).
Kuonjezera apo, mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu idzayesedwa m'ma laboratories ozindikira matenda a malo oyesera osiyanasiyana, ndipo mphamvu zake ndizochepa.
"Malo athu oyezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana amangotsimikizira zokolola za mbewu, koma palibe njira yodziwira ngakhale mikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri ngati kukana matenda," akutero Vladimir Levunov, wapampando wa bungwe lamakampani odziyimira pawokha ambewu. M'malingaliro ake, ngati zida zamasiteshoni sizisinthidwa posachedwa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa satifiketi yaubwino yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ndi biluyo kudzakhala pachiwopsezo. Panthawiyi, kukambirana pakati pa akatswiri ponena za zomwe chiphaso choterocho chiyenera kukhala chikupitiriza.
Oweta amawopa chitetezo cha zinsinsi zamalonda
Satifiketi yapamwamba imakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamitundumitundu: kuyenerera kwanyengo, kukana matenda, kumera, ndi zina. Ngati izi kapena izi zadziwonetsa bwino ndipo zapambana mayeso m'dziko lathu, zidzaphatikizidwa mu kaundula wa mbewu. Maonekedwe a kaundula apangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa boma pa mbeu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko muno. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti alimi azitembenukiranso kuti adziteteze kuzinthu zabodza. Ngakhale kuzindikira ubwino wa njira zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi biluyo kuti akwaniritse kuwonekera kwa msika wa mbewu, akatswiri angapo amawonanso zinthu zoipa mu malamulo owonjezera a boma.
Oweta amawopa kwambiri kuti zinsinsi zamalonda zitha kuphwanyidwa poyesa mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu. "Zida zobereketsa zitha kubedwa ndi mpikisano wakunja," akutero Vladimir Levunov.
Purezidenti wa Russian Grain Union Arkady Zlochevsky akuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kwamitundumitundu ndikokwera mtengo. "Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha ndalama zamakampani omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuswana ndipo zidzachititsa kuti mtengo wa mbewu ukhale wokwera," akutero Zlochevsky. M'malingaliro ake, chowopsa ndichakuti mbewu zatsopano zapakhomo zomwe zapangidwa motere sizingathe kupikisana pamitengo ndi mbewu zobwera kunja.
“Mafamu apitirizabe kugula zinthu zotsika mtengo,” anatero katswiriyo. Ananenanso kuti mbewu zochokera kunja siziyenera kusiyidwa m'madera omwe kulibe ma analogi apakhomo. “Zimenezi ndi zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha ulimi wa mbewu zapakhomo zidzathetsedwa pakadutsa ntchito yokhudzana ndi biluyo ndi zolemba zina. Mwa njira, malamulo opitilira makumi anayi akuyenera kukonzekera, "adakumbukira Senator Sergei Mitin.