Kusunga malo apamwamba omwe adakhazikika nyengo yathayi, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zothandizidwa ndi boma - iyi inali ntchito yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pamakampani a 2017 ndi Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Alexander Tkachev, polankhula pamsonkhano wa All-Russian agronomic pa 1 February ku Moscow.
Pofotokozera zotsatira za chaka chathachi komanso kudziwa momwe ntchito zachitukuko zikuyendera mtsogolo, Unduna unanenetsa kuti ntchito zamadongosolo lero ndi imodzi mwazoyendetsa chuma cha Russia: "Yafika nthawi yathu, dziko lathu litifunikira!"
M'mawu ake, wamkulu wa Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation adakumbutsa omvera za ziwonetsero za 2016 pakukolola tirigu, chimanga, buckwheat, mpendadzuwa, nyemba za soya makamaka beet shuga. Chaka chatha, alimi adakolola matani pafupifupi 50 miliyoni.
Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, Russia idatuluka pamwamba padziko lapansi, patsogolo pa France, United States ndi Germany. "Izi zitilola kuti tipeze pafupifupi matani 6 miliyoni a shuga, potero sizimangopereka msika wanyumba, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa zogulitsa kunja, zopitilira matani 200 zikwi pachaka," adaonjeza ndunayi.
Kuyika patsogolo komwe Alexander Tkachev akuti kukonzekera kubzala kwa masika. Mu 2017, akukonzekera kubzala mahekitala oposa 80 miliyoni a malo.
Mwachikhalidwe, poyembekeza kuyamba kwa nyengo, ochita nawo msonkhano adatulutsa mitu yambiri.
Kuyika malo olimidwa
Gawo lalikulu la lipoti la Wapampando wa Komiti ya Duma ya Duma pa Zachuma, Vladimir Kashin, adadzipereka kwambiri pakufuna kufalitsa minda yomwe idasiyidwa.
Malinga ndi iye, m'zaka zana zapitazo, kapangidwe ka thumba la malo, malo azaulimi adachepetsedwa pafupifupi theka. Kuchokera pa mahekala 637,7 miliyoni mu 1990, pofika chaka cha 2016, mahekitala 383 miliyoni akadatsala mdzikolo. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchepetsa minda yaulimi ndi mahekitala 25 miliyoni, pomwe mahekitala 17,2 miliyoni anali malo olimapo.
Chifukwa chake, pali mahekitala oposa 41,5 miliyoni a malo ochotsedwa ku Russia, ndipo mahekitala oposa 56 miliyoni, kapena 14,5% ya malo olimapo, sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zawo.
Mtsogoleri wa komitiyi adati ntchito yolimbikitsa mayiko omwe asiya kufalitsa nkhani yofunika kwambiri, kufananizira kukweza madera osakwatiwa, omwe dzikolo silingathe kulimbana nawo popanda ndondomeko yapaderadera, popanda ndalama zokwanira.
Feteleza
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, pafupifupi theka la omwe amalima aku Russia sagwiritsa ntchito feteleza m'minda yawo. Kusunga kotere si njira yabwino yomwe imakhudzira mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
Alexander Tkachev, Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation:
"Yafika nthawi yathu, dziko lathu litifunikira!"
Wapampando wa komiti ya State Duma pa Nkhani Zaulimi Vladimir Kashin adatinso nkhani ya feteleza ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri: “Kutha kwa chonde m'nthaka kumatheka chifukwa chochepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wopaka mchere - poyerekeza ndi 1990, lero akuwayika kasanu. Izi zikuchitika ngati zododometsa - timagwiritsa ntchito 18% yokha ya matani 10 miliyoni a feteleza amchere (mankhwala othandizira) omwe amapangidwa ku Russia pachaka, ndipo enawo amatumizidwa kunja. "
Koma munyengo ikubwerayi pali zofunikira zonse kukonza kuti zitheke. Malinga ndi Igor Kaluzhsky, director wamkulu wa Russian Association of Fertilizer Opanga, zinthu pamsika wa Russian feteleza ndizabwino kwambiri: mitengo yatsika pofika chaka chatha, mitengo yonse imaperekedwa pamiyeso yofunikira ndipo ngakhale kupitirira apo (Association yatulutsa gawo kuti lipereke feteleza kwa aliyense) .
Nthawi yomweyo, Igor Kaluzhsky adalimbikitsa chidwi cha omvera kuwona kuti feteleza wama mineral nthawi zambiri amakhalabe katundu wosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafamu, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa alimi ndi zimphona zazikulu za mankhwala sizikukula, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi scammers. Pakadali pano, milandu yoposa 100 yatsegulidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti minda yomwe idakhudzidwa ndi omwe akuti anali oyimira pakati adasiyidwa opanda ndalama komanso opanda feteleza.
Kunena kwamtengo
Igor Kaluzhsky,
Executive Director wa Russian Association of Feteleza Opanga:
"Zomwe zili pamsika wa feteleza waku Russia tsopano ndizabwino kwambiri: mitengo yatsika pansi paulingo wa chaka chatha, mitundu yonse yazogulitsayi imaperekedwa m'mitundu yofunikira komanso pamwamba pake ..."
Kunena mwachidule za momwe zinthu zidzakhalire pamsika wa mbewu za ku Russia mu 2017 zidaperekedwa ndi Dmitry Rylko, Director General wa IKAR.
Adanenanso kuti mbewu zambiri, zomwe anthu a ku Russia adabzala, zidapereka zokolola zabwino kumayiko ena, zomwe sizingakhudze mitengo.
Makamaka, lero titha kulankhula zodzaza kwambiri za tirigu zomwe "zimatha" mitengo ya dziko mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito pamafuta amafuta, kupatula kugwiriridwa. Zogwirira ntchito ku EU zidapangitsa kukwera kwamitengo kwa mbewu yotchuka iyi (yolumikizidwa ku Europe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga biofuel).
Koma mbewu yolemera kwambiri ya shuga ku Russia inali yosiyana ndi zomwe zinali kale, mayiko ambiri opanga shuga aiwisi chaka chino adakumana ndi chilala. Zinali izi zomwe zidathandiza kuti zinthu zambiri zisawonongeke pamsika wathu, sizili zokonzekera kuchuluka kwa zinthu.
Mwachidule, a Director wa ICAR adafotokozera kuti kuti abwezeretse vutoli ndikuwonjezera mphamvu m'malo opanga chidwi ndi omwe amatipatsa zokolola, zochitika zina ziyenera kuchitika mdziko lapansi kapena misika yamphamvu ipangidwe (mwachitsanzo ndi msika wa biofuel, mwachitsanzo).
Ndalama zandalama ndi ngongole zofewa
Chidziwitso chachikulu pazakusintha komwe kwachitika mu kachitidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka boma kwa opanga zaulimi adaperekedwa ndi a Natalia Chernetsova, director of the department of Economics and State Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
Adakumbukira kuti lero pali madera asanu ndi awiri amathandizidwe aboma: ndalama imodzi (yomwe idatenga madera ambiri omwe adalipo kale), kuthandizira gawo limodzi la chiwongola dzanja, kuthandizira ngongole zandalama pakubwezeretsa ndalama zomwe zachitika, thandizo losagwirizana, kuthandizira kukulitsa zokolola mkaka wa mkaka ndi kuthandizira omwe atenga nawo mbali m'mapulogalamu awiri aboma - "Melioration" ndi "Sustainable Development of Rural Areas".
Mu 2017, zosintha zina zidapangidwa pamakina opezera ndalama zothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, pa Januware 21, njira yatsopano yosankhira ntchito yomwe ikufuna kubwezera ndalama zogulira mwachindunji idakhazikitsidwa - njira yofunikira posankha tsopano ndi chilolezo chololeza malowa.
A director of department of economics and state support of the agro-mafakitale okhudzidwa adakhudzanso mutu womwe ulipowu. Ananenanso kuti chaka chino, madera ofunika kwambiri obwereketsa ngongole ndi monga mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe, ntchito yomanga nyumba zobiriwira komanso kulima ndiwo zamasamba obiriwira, komanso ntchito zonse zomwe zikuchitika ku Far East. Zofunsira zomwe zalandidwa kuchokera ku mabizinesi a madera ena zidzasungidwa; mtsogolomo, opanga maulimi omwe amatumiza nawonso angayembekezere kulandira ngongole pazabwino.
Natalia Chernetsova adalongosola kuti ndalama zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa ngongole zofewa (ma ruble 21,3 biliyoni) sizokulirapo, kufunikira kwa iwo ndikwambiri, koma kunali kofunikira kuyang'ana pakukwaniritsa bajeti. Mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Economics adatinso kuti pakadali pano Unduna wa Zaulimi wapempha Prime Minister kuti apereke ma ruble owonjezeranso 14 biliyoni, ndipo tili ndi chiyembekezo choti thandizoli lidzalandilidwa, popeza aliyense akumvetsetsa kufunikira kwake kuti ntchito yofesa isamalidwe pa nthawi komanso kwathunthu.
Mbatata
Monga a Petr Chekmarev, Woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yolima Zomera, Makina, Kupanga Mankhwala ndi Kuteteza Mbewu ku Unduna wa zaulimi ku Russia, adatinso, "tili ndi vuto limodzi ndi mbeu iyi - kuchulukitsa". Komabe, pali masinthidwe mu yankho lake: njira yotumiza kunja ndikugulitsa mbatata yayamba.
Zowona, malinga ndi mkulu wa dipatimentiyi, kuti amasule msika ndi kusintha mitengo, ndikofunikira kutumiza matani miliyoni miliyoni kumayiko ena ndikumanga mabizinesi oyendetsa 2-3 m'chigawo chilichonse cha "mbatata".
Zokambirana pazakutsogolo kwa mbatata zomwe zimakula pamsonkhanowu zidapitilizidwa ndi Alexander Tkachev, yemwe adachenjeza omwe akuchita nawo mafakitale kuchoka pamayendedwe opupuka kuti asinthe ma famu, pokumbukira kuti zosowa zamsika zikusintha, ndikupanga njira zatsopano nthawi zonse kumafuna ndalama zazikulu. Malinga ndi undunawu, kukhalabe ndi kusasunthika sikungalole kuti opanga athu asakhale abwino.
Inshuwaransi yaulimi
Zambiri pazomwe zili msika wa inshuwaransi yaulimi ku Russia pamsonkhanowu zidaperekedwa ndi a Korney Bizhov, purezidenti wa Union of Unified Insurers a Agro-Industrial Forum.
Adanenanso kuti pazaka zinayi zapitazi, zigawo zomwe zili ndi nyengo yabwino nyengo imakhalabe atsogoleri omwe amalandila chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa mbewu m'dziko. Malinga ndi NSA, ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera ndimalandila ndi chithandizo cha boma chomwe chimamalizidwa ndi mamembala onse munthawi yonse yalamulo yothandizira boma ku inshuwaransi yaulimi idalandira minda ku Tatarstan (ruble 1,176 biliyoni); opanga zaulimi ku Stavropol Territory (ma ruble 625 miliyoni), agrarians a Krasnodar Territory (ma ruble 529 miliyoni) ndi Belgorod Region (334 miliyoni ruble).
Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe amalipiritsa pamgwirizano ndi chithandizo cha boma ndi nthaka ndi chilala cham'mlengalenga, mphepo zowuma ndi kuthira kwa nthaka. Zowopsa 4zi zimabweretsa pafupifupi 80% ya zolipira zonse zopangidwa ndi NSA kuyambira 2012. Chaka chino, ma inshuwaransi adaneneratu kuchuluka kwa zolipira kumapeto.
Inshuwaransi yaulimi idakwaniritsa zigawo 28. Pali malo omwe inshuwaransi imakuta zoposa 20% ndipo ngakhale 30% yamakampani ogulitsa.
Purezidenti wa Union of Insurers adalongosola kuti kufalikira kwa inshuwaransi yaulimi kumadalira kwambiri pamitengo yomwe oyang'anira maboma azomangamanga amapanga. Monga fanizo, adafananizira kuyerekezera zomwe zikuwonetsa m'dera la Samara, komwe kupezeka kwa mbewu ndi inshuwaransi mu 2015 kunali 18%, ndi Saratov (0,1% ya mbewu).
Weather
Chiwongola dzanja cha omvera olima mbewu nthawi zonse ndizofunikira kwambiri. A director of the Hydrometeorological Center Roman Vilfand adafotokozeranso mwachidule momwe zinthu ziliri pamaderawa, ndikuti madera ambiri munkakhala chisanu kwambiri nthawi yozizira, koma matalala anali okwanira paliponse, kutentha kwambiri sikunakhudze chikhalidwe cha mbewu yozizira. Tsopano titha kunena kuti mikhalidwe yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri pakukonzekera mtsogolo imasungidwa mdziko lonse.
A Roman Villefand adanenanso za chiyambi cha kampeni yofesa ya 2017. Malinga ndi katswiri wamkulu wodziwa zakuthambo mdziko muno, malinga ndi zigawo zambiri, ntchito zam'munda ziyamba nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Mwinanso alimi pang'ono atha kuyamba ntchito kuchokera kumadera akum'mwera (Stavropol, Krasnodar Territory).