Mu nyengo yaulimi ya 2022, dera lomwe lili ndi ma beets a shuga lidakhalabe lofanana ndi 2021, likukulirakulira, malinga ndi Rosstat, ndi 2% yokha. Nyengo m'madera ambiri kumene mizu imabzalidwa imakhala yabwino pakukula kwake. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu za beet ku matenda, kampani ya Ogasiti idapatsa alimi mankhwala owonjezera omwe apambana mayeso, kuthana ndi matenda komanso kuthandiza kukulitsa zokolola.
Matenda akuluakulu a shuga beet nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo phomosis, fusarium blight, ramularia blight, alternaria blight, powdery mildew, ndi cercospora blight. Komabe, ku Russia masiku ano matenda ofala komanso owopsa ndi cercospora ndi powdery mildew. Matendawa amachepetsa zokolola, amachepetsa shuga wa muzu wa mbewu komanso amalepheretsa kusunga kwawo.
The causative wothandizira wa powdery mildew akufotokozera pa zamoyo chomera. Chovala choyera, chizindikiro chachikulu chakunja cha matendawa, chimakhala ndi mycelium ya bowa yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, ma spores okhala ndi spore ndi spores za kubalana kwa asexual - conidia, omwe amapereka mibadwo ingapo panthawiyo ndikuwononga mbewu zatsopano. Bowa amasungidwa pa zotsalira za mbewu, mbewu, ndi mizu yotsalira m'munda kuyambira chaka chatha. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zaulimi, koma pakuwonongeka kwakukulu, chithandizo cha fungicide ndicho chokhacho chodalirika.
Cercospora choipitsa chimakhudza osati shuga beets, komanso mbewu zina zambiri ndi udzu. Imawonekera pamasamba mu mawonekedwe a mawanga ozungulira a bulauni okhala ndi malire ofiira kapena ofiira-bulauni. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda overwinters monga mycelium pa akale nsonga, pa pericarp wa mbewu, ndi mu uterine mizu. Matendawa akukula kwambiri m'zaka ndi alternating youma, otentha ndi amtengo kutentha, chinyezi nyengo. Kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera choipitsa cha cercospora, koma chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha bowa nthawi zambiri sikutheka.
“Kutengera nyengo yanyengo, imodzi mwa matenda awiriwa nthawi zambiri imabwera. Alimi ali ndi mavuto omwe amafanana, wina anganene, okonzekera. Mafamu ena akupanga kale mankhwala oyamba oteteza fungicidal nyengo ino. Kum'mwera (ku Krasnodar ndi Stavropol dera) amawona kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala opha fungicides komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa chithandizo; nthawi zambiri amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachitatu yochizira fungicidal, akutero Vladimir Peshekhonov, katswiri wotsogola pazachipatala. dipatimenti yopititsa patsogolo malonda ya JSC Firm "August" ku Central Black Earth dera.
Kwa zaka zambiri, alimi a beet akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kotereku kuchokera ku kampani ya August monga Rayok, Benorad, Credo, ndi Kolosal Pro kuti athetse matenda a mizu. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitetezo cha beet yakula chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa zinthu zochokera kuzinthu zatsopano, zogwira mtima kwambiri - mwachitsanzo, epoxiconazole ndi tetraconazole kuchokera ku gulu la thiazoles. Zosakaniza zogwira ntchitozi zikuphatikizidwa pakukonzekera "Hecate" (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), "Rakurs" (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) ndi "Spirit" (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole). Kutengera azoxystrobin, "August" imapanganso fungicide "Baliy" (propiconazole + azoxystrobin).
"Mawu ochepa onena za azoxystrobin: zotsalira pamasamba, zimateteza zomera ku spores zatsopano za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipo kuphatikiza ndi triazoles, imatha kuyimitsa matenda omwe ayamba kale ndikusiya kufalikira ngati pali kuchedwa kwamankhwala, "akutero Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Mankhwala ophera bowa "Tirada" (thiram + difenoconazole) adawonetsanso lonjezo lake. Thiram imapereka mphamvu yolumikizana ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya. Njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ndi mankhwalawa ndikuteteza spores kumera pamwamba pa tsamba.
Kuyesa kwazinthu zatsopano kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka zingapo: mwachitsanzo, pazoyeserera ku All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet ndi Shuga yotchedwa A.L. Mazlumov m'chigawo cha Voronezh, adachitika mu 2017-2019. Fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baliy" ndi "Tirada" adawonetsa bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe - kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke zokolola za beets ndi matani 4-5 pa hekitala, komanso kukulitsa zokolola. shuga zili muzu mbewu ndi 0,5. 2-XNUMX%.
"Mu nyengo youma pa nthawi ya kukula, zokolola zabwino kwambiri zinapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito" Baliya ", 0,8 l / ha ndi "Mzimu", 0,7 l / ha. M'chaka chamvula, "Hekate" idakhala yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi cercospora, 0,8 l/ha. "Baliy", "Mzimu" ndi "Hekate" adachepetsa kufalikira ndi kukula kwa choipitsa cha cercospora pafupifupi nthawi 2, powdery mildew ndi 4-5 nthawi poyerekeza ndi kulamulira popanda chithandizo," akufotokoza mwachidule Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Akatswiri a Augusta amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma fungicides omwe ali pamwambawa ndi Allure kapena Polyphem adjuvants kuti yankho la mankhwalawa lifalikire bwino patsamba, limakhazikika bwino ndipo limayamba kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.