SERGEY Artemov
Zokolola sizikukomera tchipisi. Chiwerengero cha mapaketi a akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi otchuka amatha kuchepa pamashelefu a sitolo chifukwa chosowa zida. Mbatata zochepa zimakololedwa kuposa chaka chatha. Ndipo izi ndizofanana osati ku Russia kokha, komanso kumayiko ena ambiri - opanga zakudya mwachangu azigwira ntchito molimbika kufunafuna zokolola zaulere. Kodi mliri wa coronavirus ukugwirizana ndi chiyani?
Zosakwanira tchipisi ta mbatata! Izi zikunenedwa ndi otsogola aku Russia opanga zokhwasula-khwasula. Ndipo zomwe ziri, alimi amayesetsa kugulitsa pamtengo wokwera. Mantha onsewa ndi oona mwa njira yawoyawo, akutero Alexei Plugov, wamkulu wa AB-Center, katswiri komanso wowunikira pazaulimi. Tsopano kukolola mbatata m'dziko lathu kuli pachimake. Kuphatikiza apo, msika umakhalabe wokwera wamitengo.
PLUGOV: Wina anganene kuti, wamtali kwambiri kuposa kale. Ngati chaka chatha panthawiyi mu mgwirizano wamalonda mtengo unali 8-10 rubles pa kilogalamu, tsopano ndi pa mlingo wa 20 rubles pa kilogalamu. Ndiko kuti, mitengoyi ndi yokwera kawiri kuposa chaka chimenecho.
Dera la mbatata lachepa chaka chino. Ndiye chifukwa chake zokolola zimakhala zochepa. Koma ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa, malinga ndi Alexei Plugov; zokolola zonse za mbewuyi zimagwa chifukwa cha nyengo yachiwiri motsatizana.
PLUGOV: Kunali kumapeto kwa masika chaka chino. Ndiye m'chilimwe panalinso zinthu zabwino kwambiri, ndipo zokolola zikuyembekezeka kukhala zotsika kuposa chaka chatha, zokolola pagawo lililonse zimakhala zochepa. Palinso mafunso okhudza ubwino wa mbewu yokha. Komabe, tinene kuti kwatsala pang'ono kuti tifotokoze mwachidule zotsatira zake, koma nthawi zambiri ndizoyipa kuposa chaka chatha: mu 2019, zokolola za mbatata zidakwana matani 7,5 miliyoni, mu 2020 - matani 6,8 miliyoni. Mu 2021, tikuyembekeza kuti zosonkhanitsira zidzachepa ndi matani miliyoni, ndipo zikhala matani 5,8 miliyoni.
Koma izi ndi ziwerengero zophatikizidwa, momwe gawo la mkango limakhala ndi mitundu ya tebulo - zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo pansi pa "zophika" ndi "zokazinga". Mitundu ya tchipisi imatchedwa "industrial", akutero a Victor Kovalev, Development Director wa portal ya Potatosystem.ru, safunikira pachabe, anthu sangagule.
KOVALYOV: Kusiyana pakati pa tebulo ndi mbatata zopangira mafakitale ndizomwe zili muzinthu zowuma ndi wowuma. Chifukwa chake, pali zochepa mu mbatata ya tebulo - mpaka 16%, opitilira 16% ya wowuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mafakitale.
Wowuma kwambiri, ndiye kuti magawo a mbatata amayamwa mafuta panthawi yokazinga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wamafuta umachepetsedwa, ndipo tchipisi tomwe timakhala topatsa thanzi, timatha kulengeza ngati chakudya chokoma komanso chathanzi. Wogula aliyense ali ndi chidziwitso chake pankhaniyi. Koma zoona zake n'zambiri: coronavirus yatumiza ambiri ku ntchito zakutali, ndipo anthu achepetsa maulendo okaona malo owonetsera, makanema ndi malo odyera. Mafilimu tsopano akuyang'aniridwa kwambiri pa laptops ndi mapiritsi pansi pa bulangeti komanso ndi paketi ya chips m'manja mwawo. Zogulitsa zawo zidakwera panthawi ya mliri ku Russia ndi 20%. Inde, opanga nthawi yomweyo anayamba kupanga mizere yatsopano yokonzekera ndi kulongedza. Koma alibe mbatata yokwanira - izi ndizomwe zimafotokozera zenizeni zonena za kusowa kwa zopangira. Chifukwa, akutero Viktor Kovalev, ndizotheka kumanga mbewu mchaka chimodzi, koma mbatata kwa iye sizikula mwachangu.
KOVALYOV: Chowonadi ndichakuti kulima mbatata ndi pulogalamu yayitali; lero simungasankhe kugula mbewu kwinakwake ndikuzikulitsa pamafakitale. Iyi ndi ntchito yonse yomwe imachokera ku kukula kuchokera ku zomwe zimatchedwa meristem, kukula kuchokera ku khola la mini-tubers, munda woyamba "wapamwamba kwambiri", mpaka kubereka koyamba. Iyi ndi pulogalamu mpaka zaka 5. Choncho, ndi, mwatsoka, zosatheka nthawi yomweyo kusankha kuti, apa, tiyeni kukula mbatata kwa mafakitale processing.
Timatenga chidebe cha mbatata m'chaka, kuzibzala m'mabowo, dikirani miyezi itatu ndikusonkhanitsa zidebe 3 - eni ake onse a nyumba zapanyumba zachilimwe ndi mbadwa za kumidzi amagwira ntchito ndi chidziwitso chosavuta cha agronomic. Koma kupanga mafakitale kwa chikhalidwe ichi ndikosiyana pang'ono, akutero Viktor Kovalev, ndipo sizodziwika konse. Mpaka lero, minda yambiri, atabweretsa mbewu pansi, amadalira, mwachitsanzo, kuthirira mwachilengedwe.
KOVALYOV: Anthu ambiri amalima mbatata molingana ndi ukadaulo wakale, popanda kuthirira, ndikupeza zokolola za matani 20-25 pa hekitala. Ndipo makampani omwe amalima mbatata yothirira amadziwa ukadaulo wonse ndikukulitsa matani 60 - 70. Manambala, monga mukuwonera, amasiyana kwambiri.
Ndipo ngakhale mafamu oterowo alibe chidwi chenicheni m'tsogolomu kuti asinthe kupanga zopangira tchipisi. Mitengo pamsika, Viktor Kovalev amakhulupirira, idzawathandiza kupeza ndalama zabwino, zomwe zimatchedwa "ndi khama lochepa."
KOVALYOV: 2020 ndi 2021 zikuwonetsa kuti mtengo wa mbatata wapa tebulo ndi wokwera kuposa mtengo wogula pokonza. Choncho, si ndalama zotheka kuti alimi kulima mbatata pokonza. Iwo kugula mwatsopano kwa iye, sitolo n'kosavuta, ndi kukhazikitsa ndi mofulumira kwambiri. Tsopano kufunikira ndikwabwino kwa mbatata ya tebulo.
Zikhala zotheka kuti mutsirize zomaliza zakukula kwamakampani a tchipisi mu Novembala, pomwe kukolola mbatata ku Russia kwatha ndikudzaza malo osungira. Kuyerekeza kwakutali kwamitengo nthawi zambiri kumawoneka chonchi, malinga ndi Alexei Plugov.
PLUGOV: Mlungu uliwonse tsopano matani zikwi 500 amakololedwa - gawo logwira ntchito kwambiri lokolola. Mitengo ikhoza kubwerera mmbuyo pang'ono, kutsika. Koma pali kuthekera kuti m'chaka mtengo udzakhala 30 rubles pa kilogalamu mu yogulitsa. Ndiko kuti, tsopano ndi 20, ndipo m'chaka akhoza kukhala 30. Chifukwa chake, mu February kale, mbatata zambiri zidzatumizidwa kwa ife mwachangu - Egypt nthawi ndi nthawi imakwaniritsa zosowa zake, kenako Pakistan ndi Iran.
Kugulitsa tchipisi kudakwera ndi 30%. Mafakitole akusowa zida zopangira. Koma madandaulo awa salinso aku Russia. Chithunzicho chatsala pang'ono kubwerezedwa ku Switzerland. Ndipo apa pali malipoti a alimi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Germany, Holland ndi Belgium: zokolola chaka ndi chaka ndizofanana, koma dera la mbatata latsika. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wothana ndi tizirombo wakwera. Mphamvu zikukhala zodula kwambiri ndipo kusungirako kudzakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira yomwe ikubwera. Ndipo popeza mitengo yosinthanitsa yambewu ndi mbewu zodyera idakwera kwambiri, alimi ambiri amasinthira kwa iwo kumapeto kwa masika - mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri.
Zikuwoneka kuti palibe nkhani yabwino yokhudza mbatata: "Amerika akuyembekeza kukolola ku Idaho" - izi zikuchokera pamitu yamakampani akumayiko akunja sabata yapitayo. Dzikoli limapereka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mbatata ku msika waku US. Masiku angapo apitawo, maulosi adawonekera - chifukwa cha chilala chachilimwe, zokolola zidzachepa ndi 5%, ndipo khalidwe lidzaipiraipira. Kodi tinganene chiyani, ngati ku Belarus, mkati mwa zokolola za mbatata, mapulani adalengezedwa kuti alowetse mbatata. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri yonse yodziyimira payokha ya Republic.