Dera lachigawo: 34,5 zikwi za mamilimita. km
Chiwerengero cha anthu: Anthu 1068934, oposa 41% amakhala kumidzi.
Dera: Dera lomwe lili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dera la zachuma lakuda, lili pamalire a njanji zofunika ndi misewu yolumikiza ndi pakati pa Russia, dera la Volga, kumwera komanso kumadzulo kwa dzikolo.
Nyengo: kotentha kokhazikika, kutentha kwa Januware ndi-10,2 ° C, Julayi + 19,4 ° C, nyengo ya kukula ndi masiku 189, mvula yapachaka imachokera 322 mpaka 807 mm.
Chithandizo: Chidikha cham'madzi chotalika pafupifupi 150 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Ma hydroografia: mitsinje pafupifupi 1400 imayenda m'derali. Yaikulu kwambiri (yoposa 200 km): Tsna, Vorona, Bityug, Voronezh ndi Savala. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungiramo anthu pafupifupi 900 okhala ndi madzi okwanira 534,5 miliyoni m3 ali m'chigawochi. Chofunika kwambiri (ndi voliyumu yamadzi 5 mpaka 13 miliyoni m3): Shushpanskoye, Chelnavskoye, Kershinskoye, Yaroslavl.
Thumba la malo a m'derali: mahekitala 3,4 miliyoni. Malo olimapo malo ali mahekitala 2,7 miliyoni (78,9%). Malo olima ndi mahekala 2,1 miliyoni (80,7%), dothi lakuda limapambana (87% ya minda). Dothi lachonde limaganiziridwa moyenerera kuti ndilo chuma chachikulu cha m'derali. Mahekitala 0,5 miliyoni (18,2%) amatenga malo okhala ndi msipu ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, 1,1% ndi malo obzala osatha.
Malo oyambira chitukuko
Zaulimi ndiye gawo lotsogola m'derali; gawo lake pazogulitsa zam'derali zoposa 17%. Pakukula kwa mbewu, zoyesayesa zazikulu za alimi cholinga chawo ndikukulitsa kupanga kwa zinthu, kukonza mtundu wawo kudzera pakupanga mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopulumutsa zida.
Chisamaliro chimaperekedwa makamaka pakukonzanso kwa ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi ukadaulo, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa kasamalidwe kakang'ono, ndikuthana ndi mavuto akumidzi.
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri m'derali ndi mbatata. Mchigawo cha Tambov, mbatata 5,4% imalimidwa kuchokera pakupanga kwathunthu ku Central Federal District.
Pakadali pano, mabungwe azaulimi akuwonjezera kukula kwa mbatata ndi masamba. Kuthirira kukukulirakulirabe popanga, ndipo nyumba zamakono zosungira mbatata ndi masamba zikumangidwa.
Zakwanitsidwa mu 2014
Kwa zaka zisanu zapitazi, malo olimidwa mbatata m'mabungwe azaulimi a dera la Tambov adakula kwambiri: kuyambira mahekitala 2,8 mu 2010 mpaka mahekitala 4,9 mu 2014. Dera lonse pansi pa mbatata m'magulu onse a mafamu anali 39,8 ha.
Kukolola kwakukulu kwa mbatata mu 2014 m'mabungwe azaulimi ndi aulimi (alimi) a dera la Tambov adafika matani 125 ndi zokolola wamba 208,3 c / ha. Izi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu kwa alimi amderali. Chifukwa chake, mu 2010, zokolola zazikulu za mbatata m'gulumo zidafikira matani 16,3 okha, mu 2012 - matani 73,2. Zambiri, m'chigawo chatha matani 522,3 miliyoni adakololedwa ndi zokolola 131,2 t / ha (tebulo 1).
M'mafamu ena, zokolola zinali kuyandikira 300 c / ha. Mwachitsanzo, matani 392 a mbatata adakololedwa ku Tambov Farms LLC ndi malo 12 ha kutulutsa 748 c / ha. Agro-Yurievo LLC yokhala ndi mahekitala 325,2 yatulutsa matani 410 a mbatata ndi zipatso 11 c / ha.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuwonjezeka kwa dera lomwe likukula mbatata m'mabungwe azaulimi ndi K (F) X. Kwa zaka zinayi (kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014), idakula ndi 77%, kuyambira mahekitala 3,4 mu 2011 mpaka mahekala 6,0 mu 2014.
Thandizo lakumadera
Oyang'anira madera amayambitsa mabungwe azachuma komanso mabungwe azachuma kuti ntchito yopanga ulimi iziyenda bwino. Kuti izi zitheke, dipatimenti ya zaulimi m'chigawo cha Tambov idapanga "pulogalamu yachuma yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mbatata ndi masamba omwe amatulutsa dothi lotseguka la Tambov" la 2015-2017.
Kukhazikitsa kwa pulogalamuyi kulola kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mbatata m'mabungwe azolimo ndi minda yaboma kukhala matani zikwi 154,0 m'zaka zitatu; Malo obzalidwa - mpaka mahekitala zikwi 7,0.
Pulogalamuyi imapereka ndalama zothandizira kubweza gawo la ndalama zomwe opanga alimi ndi anthu wamba amagula kuti azigula matakitala atsopano ndi zida zantchito zopangira mbatata ndi masamba otseguka m'munda, kugula zida zatsopano zosungira, kukonza, kukonza kwanyengo, kuyika masamba ndi mbatata, komanso kugula zinthu zofunikira za mbewu ya mbatata.
Zamangidwe
Alimi m'derali amalabadira gulu la mbatata zomwe zimatha kusungidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, mu kampani yopanda zovuta Chigwa cha Green Chigawo cha Michurinsky chigawo chamakono chosungira ndi matani 60,0 miliyoni.
LLC "minda ya Tambov" Chigawo cha Staroyuryevsky - famu yodziwika bwino yopanga mbatata yopanga tchipisi - ili ndi malo osungira okhala ndi matani 12,0 zikwi.
LLC Agro-Yurievo Dera la Staroyuryevsky, lomwe limagwira ntchito yopanga mbatata ndi masamba, lili ndi malo atatu osungirako zamakono omwe ali ndi matani 10.
Mu 2013, malo amakono osungirako mbatata adamangidwa ndipo adalamulidwa kulowa LLC Agrofirm Zhupikov Chigawo cha Sosnovsky matani 12,0.
Kukula bwino kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula sikungatheke popanda bungwe logulitsa mbatata komanso kupititsa patsogolo msika. Poterepa, cholinga cha dipatimenti "Ndondomeko yofunika kwambiri yachuma yopanga malo ogulitsa (okwanira ndi kugawa) malo osungiramo, kukonzekera kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa mbatata ndi masamba m'chigawo cha Tambov" ya 2014-2016.
Cholinga cha pulogalamuyi ndikupanga njira zopangira zogulira, kusungira, kukonzekera kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa zinthu zaulimi kuti apititse patsogolo mpikisano wamabizinesi azilimi.
Kuti izi zitheke, ntchito zotsatirazi zikuyembekezeka: kupangidwa kwa malo ogulitsira masamba ndi malo ogulitsa zinthu zonse zogulitsa zolimo, komanso ukadaulo wamakono ndi ukadaulo wa zopangidwazo, kusungidwa ndi kukonza kwa zinthu zaulimi.
Pulogalamuyi ikukonzekera kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:
- Kusintha miyezo yamoyo ndi zopezera anthu akumidzi, kusunga zomwe zikupezeka ndikupanga ntchito zatsopano;
- kuwonjezera luso la kupanga mbatata ndi masamba;
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa ntchito yokolola mbatata ndi masamba ndi mitundu yaying'ono ya kasamalidwe: kuyambira matani 12,1 miliyoni mu 2013 mpaka matani 19,4 mu 2016 (chaka Pulogalamuyo ithe).
Pulogalamuyi imapereka ndalama zothandizira kubweza gawo la ndalama zomwe opanga ulimi azigwiritsa ntchito pomanga, kumanganso, kukonza zamakono ndi zida zamaukadaulo a zida zamakono (zogulitsa ndi zogawa); kupezeka kwa zida zamakono zosungiramo zinthu, kukonza zinthu zosungidwa, kukonza, kulekanitsa zosayera, kukonza, kuyika, kuyikapo, firiji (yotenthetsera) zida zoyambira kusanja (kuziziritsa) ndikusunga zamasamba zamasamba ndi mbatata; Kugula kwa zida ndi makina azolimo kuti akonzekeretse malo (ophatikiza ndi ogawa) omwe ali ndi zida ndi makina othandizira ndikukhazikitsa katundu.
Mafamu otukuka
Company LLC "Kornev Gulu".
M'nyengo yozizira ya 2010, lingaliroli lidabadwa pakupanga malo olima mu Tambov Region, wokhoza kupereka chigawo ndi madera ozungulira ndi ndiwo zamasamba zabwino komanso zotsika mtengo, komanso kuyambitsa ntchito zatsopano zolipiridwa kwa anthu amumudzi.
Njira yachitukuko idatengedwa ngati njira yaukatswiri. Zimatanthawuza kupezeka kwa banki yayikulu, yomwe ikukula mobwerezabwereza, kuyambitsa njira zothandiza kwambiri zowunikira ndikulima nthaka, ndikugulitsa ndalama pazinthu zothandiza kwambiri komanso zopindulitsa.
Chifukwa chake bungwe lidayitanitsa Chigwa cha GreenPambuyo pake adaphatikizidwa mu Gulu la Makampani LLC "Kornev Gulu". M'chaka choyamba chogwira ntchito, mahekitala 3 500 a malo ochita malonda osapindulitsa CJSC Privolie adapezeka, gulu la zida zamakono zaulimi kumakampani otsogolera a Europe lidapangidwa, ndipo malo osungirako mbatata a matani 4000 a zinthu adapangidwa. Mu 2011, kukhazikika ndi kumanganso kwayamba, komanso kuyambitsa gawo la kufalitsa mbatata ndi mbewu zina zaulimi. Mu 2012, mbatata zophika matani 60 a zinthu zomalizidwa zidagwiritsidwa kale ntchitoyo; 000 matumba osungira masamba omwe ali ndi zida zamafiriji; Mzere wonyamula mbatata zowuma ndi ndiwo zamasamba adayambitsidwa. Pofika Seputembala 2, malo onse anali atakulirakulira ndi mahekitala 000. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2012, malo okwera matani 10 adawonjezeredwa kumalo opangira, komanso mzere wotsuka, kupera, kuwerengera ndi kulongedza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yonyamula mbatata ndi masamba. Podzafika chaka cha 000, malo onsewo adakwera mpaka 2013 ha.
Pazaka zitatu zakutukuka kwake, kampaniyo idapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi ogula monga CJSC Tander, X5 Retail Group, Metro Cash & Carry, Dixy Gulu, Auchan, Smart Velho, CJSC Frito Lay Production, Farm Frites Belaya Dacha LLC , makampani opanga masamba oundana pansi pa zilembo "4 Season", "Paints of Summer", etc. Atapanga ndikulembetsa zawo: "Kornev", "Tambov Potato" ndi "BorshchOv".
Mu 2014, oyang'anira makampani adaganiza zokhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera bwino malinga ndi ISO 9001: 2008. Zotsatira za ntchitoyi ndikulandila satifiketi yapadziko lonse kuchokera ku boma la Germany certification TUEV NORD, yomwe imapereka chidaliro kwa omwe akuchita nawo makasitomala ndi makasitomala mogwirizana komanso kukhazikika kwa zinthu zawo.
Mu 2014, malo olimidwa mbatata ku Kornev Group LLC adafika mahekitala 2. Zokolola zonse zinakwana matani 524 65 ndi zipatso za 952 c / ha.
LLC Agrofirm Zhupikov - malo akuluakulu azaulimi mdera la Tambov, omwe ntchito zawo zazikulu ndikulima tirigu, nyemba, mbatata, mkaka ndi nyama. Kulima mbatata zokolola zabwino kwambiri ndiimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakampani yaulimi.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2013, famuyo idasunga mbatata yosungirako matani 12. Pulogalamuyo ya kampani yolowera ku Netherlands ya Agrovent komanso yochapa ndi kukonza ma kampani ya ku Italy idayikidwa pamalowo. M'chaka chomwecho, kuyika koyambirira kwa mbatata zare ndi malo a mahekitala 180 anapangidwa. Zokolola zamasamba azaka zamasambazi mu 2013 zinali 33-36 t / ha.
Mu 2014, malo obzala mbatata adakulitsidwa mpaka mahekitala 360. Mwa awa, mahekitala 200 anali kuthirira. Zokolola zonse mu 2014 zidakwana matani 8. 576% ya mbatata zonse zobzalidwa zinali tchipisi, 50% yotsala inali mbatata. Pakati pazofesa palinso mbewu zabwino kuchokera ku Germany.
Mbatata zokulirapo za LLC "Agrofirm" Zhupikov "amagulitsa ku Tambov, Volgograd, Voronezh, Ryazan, Moscow, Rostov.
Mu 2015, akukonzekera kuwonjezera malowa pansi pa mbatata mpaka mahekitala 500. Ndondomekozi zimaphatikizaponso kupereka kuthirira kudera lonselo kuti mubzale.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chomera chogulitsa pamodzi chakhala chikukulira mbatata pang'onopang'ono. “Iwo. Lenin, LLC MFP Niva Chigawo cha Tambov, LLC "Vesta" Chigawo cha Photosevsky, LLC State Farm Sukhotinsky Chigawo cha Znamensky, LLC Victoria, chigawo cha Muchkap, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuphatikiza pamabungwe akuluakulu azilimi omwe amatchulidwa, mbatata zimalimidwanso ndi anthu wamba (alimi), monga: KFh "Electron", KFh "White Cell", FE mutu wa KFH Borisov NN, FE Skvortsov, FE Mmagin, FE mutu wa KFH Yumashev AA, KFH Zelenov ndi ena.
Zotsatira
Palibe chovuta kunena kuti dera la Tambov likukwaniritsa zosowa zapakhomo za mbatata ndipo limatha kupereka zochuluka kukolola kumadera ena adzikoli.