Dera lachigawo: 39.6 masauzande mita lalikulu. Km
Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1 135 438 anthu, omwe 71.25% amakhala m'mizinda.
Malo:
derali lili pakatikati pa chigawo cha ku Russia ku Russia, ndipo ndi gawo la Central Federal District komanso Central Economic Region la Russian Federation.
Nyengo: kotentha kotentha.
Kutentha kwapakati pa Januwale ndi 10 ° С, Julayi + 20 ° С. Pafupifupi, 500 mm wa mpweya umagwa chaka chilichonse (25-30% mwanjira ya chisanu).
Dera lokhalamo Ulimi: 2323,3 mahekita chikwi, kuphatikiza malo olima - 1468,1 mahekitala. Malinga ndi Ryazanstat, malo omwe amafesedwa m'magulu onse a mafamu mu 2014 adakwanitsa mahekitala 811,3, omwe ndi 4,0% poyerekeza ndi mbewu ya 2013.
Mbatata ndi chinthu chomwe timafunikira kuti tiwonjezere kutumizira kunja!
Mafunso ndi Minister of Agriculture and Food of the Ryazan Region Boris Viktorovich Shemyakin.
- Boris Viktorovich, dera la Ryazan lakhala lotchuka chifukwa cha mbatata zake ku Russia. Tiuzeni pang'ono za "mbiri ya mbatata" ya derali.
- Kukula kwa nyengo ndi madera a dera la Ryazan ndizoyenera kupanga mbatata. Chigawochi nthawi zonse chimakhala chikugulitsa mbatata m'malo mwa mafakitale akuluakulu komanso kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Zokolola zazikulu kwambiri za mbatata zidatheka mu 1975 ndipo zidakwana matani 1750 zikwi. Kenako malo obzalidwa anali mahekitala 158, kuphatikiza m'minda yamagulu - pafupifupi 110 zikwi mahekitala, makamaka mzaka izi, dera la Bryansk lokha ndilomwe lidabzala ndikupanga mbatata mdziko muno. Ndikusintha kwa maubwenzi amsika, malo olimidwa pansi pa mbatata achepa kwambiri, minda yothandizirana ndi anthu yakhala yolima kwambiri. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chakukopa kwachuma, pakhala kusintha kwakusintha kwatsopano.
- Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula mderalo?
- Dera la Ryazan ndi dera lodzidalira potengera mitundu yayikulu yazakudya. Masiku ano, kupanga mbatata ndikokwera kwambiri kawiri kuposa kumwa.
Mu 2014, malo obzalidwa m'magulu onse aminda anali mahekitala 25,7 zikwi, pafupifupi 20% mwa iwo - dera lazamalonda ndi minda, pomwe mbatata zimakula makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono. Zida zantchito yayikulu, feteleza amchere, mankhwala oteteza mbewu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, kusintha kosiyanasiyana komanso kukonzanso kosiyanasiyana kumachitika munthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakukwaniritsa poyerekeza ndi ziwembu zapakhomo: mu 2014, zokolola m'mabanja ena zinali 142 c / ha, m'mabizinesi olima - 195 c / ha.
Kwa ife, izi ndizochepa: zokolola za mbatata nyengo yathayi zidakhudzidwa ndi nyengo mu Ogasiti, pomwe pakukula kwa tubers kunali kuchepa kwa chinyezi komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Koma matekinoloje amakono amachititsa kuti nyengo zisasinthe. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi LLC "AgroSoyuzSpassk", pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono ndi kuthirira kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kusonkhanitsa matani opitilira 19 zikwi za mbatata zapamwamba, zokololazo zidapitilira 600 c / ha yothirira.
Masiku ano, kulima mbatata ndikupanga masamba ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa kwambiri m'mbali zaulimi. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2014, phindu la mbatata m'derali lidapitilira 40%, ndipo phindu lidakwera kanayi poyerekeza ndi 2013. Izi zikufotokozera kukopa kwamakampani kwa osunga ndalama omwe sagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokhazokha, komanso pakupanga malo osungira ndikukonzekera asanagulitsidwe.
Mu 2015, minda ya m'derali ikukonzekera kuwonjezera malowa ndi 0,5 ha, ndipo madera azithirira madzi azikwera (kuyambira 0,8 mpaka 1,3 ha).
- Mukukonzekera kupanga mbewu zanu zokha?
- Iyi ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, makina oyenda bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'derali: bungwe lazopanga Ryazansem-Potato limaphatikizapo minda yaboma 12 yomwe imatulutsa mbewu zabwino. Ma netiweki a semkhozes am'madera amapereka minda yonse yamalonda ndi mbewu zoberekera.
Posachedwa, alimi a mbatata adapeza mbewu zapamwamba m'madera a Moscow ndi Samara, Republic of Belarus, Germany, ndi Netherlands. Komabe, chaka chino, kutengera kuyambika kwa ma famu angapo, pamaziko a SPC Luch m'boma la Kasimovsky, a MaryKlon LLC adapangidwa, ali ndi malingaliro ataliatali kukhazikitsa kupangidwa kwa mbewu zapamwamba za mbatata pamtunda wokwana matani 7. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakapita nthawi kampaniyi idzakhala yogulitsa mbewu mosadalira mafamu a mbatata okha, komanso malo azapulazi.
- Kodi munganene chiyani pazazogulitsa zamakampani: maderawa amapatsidwa magawo angati amasamba amakono, mizere yokonzekera mbatata zisanachitike?
- Msikawu umafuna zofunikira kwambiri pamitengo ya mbatata ndi masamba, popanda maziko amakono osungira ndi kukonzekera asanagulitsidwe mulingo wofunikira sungapezeke. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Bwanamkubwa wa Chigawo cha Ryazan, Oleg Kovalev, adakhazikitsa ntchito yopanga netiweki yazosungira zamakono kuti minda izisunga mbewu mpaka masika ndikugulitsa pamtengo wabwino kwambiri. Masiku ano, m'mabizinesi aulimi ndi m'minda, kusungitsa katundu ndi matani opitilira 110 zikwi za nthawi imodzi. Awa ndi malo ogulitsira mbatata 63 ndi masamba 8, omwe amatsimikizira kuti mbeu yonse yolimidwa ndi yotetezeka.
Opanga akuluakulu ngati Avangard LLC a Ryazan (zigawo 6 za mbatata zokhala ndi matani 9), famu yonse Zaveta Ilyicha (storages 3 wa mbatata za matani 4,5 ndi nyumba yosungiramo masamba kwa matani 1,2 omwe ali ndi malo ofikira posachedwa) ali ndi mphamvu zamakono. zida ndi ma CD onyamula) ndi famu kwa iwo. Lenin, chigawo cha Kasimov (4 storages pamitoni 8).
Zogulitsa zazikulu zidakopeka ndikupanga makina osungira. Chifukwa chake, LLC "Ungor Agriculture" ikugwiritsa ntchito projekiti kuti imange malo ogulitsa masamba omwe ali ndi firiji ndi makina olowera mpweya matani 49 ku Rybnoe, gawo loyamba la matani 7,5 lazidziwitsidwa. Mchigawo cha Spassky, Agrosoyuz-Spassk akupanga zovuta kuti zizisungidwa komanso kukonza mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba (kukonza, kukonza, kutsuka, kumata). Shilovsky Agricultural Holding ikukonzekera mwakhama malo osungira: ntchitoyi imapereka ntchito yomanga nyumba yayikulu matani 10, malo osungirako awiri matani 2 agwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu zaka zitatu zikubwerazi, mabizinesi pafupifupi 5,5 akukonzekera kumanga malo osungira atsopano, kukulitsa ndi kusinthira malo omwe alipo kale.
- Kodi pali mabizinesi aliwonse opanga mbatata ku oblast (kapena mapulani a kulengedwa kwawo)?
- Imodzi mwamabizinesi amakono opanga mbatata mdziko muno imagwira ntchito m'chigawo cha Ryazan
- CJSC "Fakitale Yachakudya" Miloslavsky ", ndi gawo la Trade and Industrial Group" Kuntsevo ". Gawo loyamba lidakhazikitsidwa mu Januware 2011. Lero, zida zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pa kampaniyo zimalola kuti apange makilogalamu 550 a mbatata pa ola limodzi, yosungira mbatata kwa matani 18 akugwira ntchito.
Ma ntchentche amapangidwa popanda zowonjezera, zokometsera zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zowuma. Malonda a PC a Miloslavsky agulitsidwa ku Moscow ndi dera la Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Tver, Vologda zigawo, Krasnodar Territory, Siberia, Tatarstan, mayiko akutali ndi akutali (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Poland, Belgium, Chile, Brazil, Argentina ) Mtsogolomo, akukonzekera kuwonjezera maziko osungira mbatata maulendo 4,2 ndi kuthekera kwa mzere wowongolera kawiri.
Mu 2014, matani masauzande 16,4 a mbatata adakonzedwa, gawo lina (matani 7,6) lidapangidwa ku Ryazan Potato, bizinesi yakeyomwe yazomera. Mtengowo udagulanso zopangidwa kuchokera ku mafamu ena m'chigawochi. Kupezeka kwa purosesa wamkulu chotere m'chigawo kumapatsa alimi msika, kuphatikizapo mbatata zazing'ono.
- Kodi vuto lakugwira ntchito m'makampani likuthetsedwa motani?
- Kulemba malembedwe aantchito ndizofunikira pakukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula, komanso msika wonse waulimi. Ryazan State Agrotechnological University yotchedwa V.I. PA Kostychev ndi mabungwe opitilira 15 apamwamba.
Pazaka ziwiri zapitazi, takhala ndi njira zabwino zokopa achinyamata: mu 2014, akatswiri achichepere opitilira 100 adabwera kudzagwira ntchito m'mabizinesi azolimo. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yokhazikika yotukula kumidzi, malinga ndi momwe nyumba imamangidwira (chaka chatha mabanja 90 adalandira ndalama zothandizidwa ndi anthu mpaka 92% ya phindu lake) ndipo nyumba zakumidzi zimakhazikitsidwa, midzi yonse yazomangamanga idapangidwa kale (pali kale 15 m'derali). Kwa akatswiri achichepere, nthawi imodzi (ma ruble 86600) ndi zolipira pamwezi (ma ruble 4330) ndizovomerezeka zaka zitatu zoyambirira kugwira ntchito.
Ogwira ntchito wamba m'mafakitale agro ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro mtsogolo, izi ndizotheka anthu akalandila malipiro abwino pantchito yawo. Lero, mdera la Ryazan, kukweza malipiro ndichimodzi mwazomwe minda ingalandire ndalama kuchokera ku bajeti. Chifukwa cha njirayi, mu 2014 zidatheka kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro onse m'makampani ndi 13,9% poyerekeza ndi 2013 (m'mabungwe azolimo adakhala ma ruble 17342, chomwe ndichizindikiro chabwino kudera lathu).
- Ndi mafamu ati omwe amathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula mderalo?
- Pakati pa minda 30 yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata ku Russia pali famu yamagulu yomwe yatchulidwa pambuyo pake Lenin wa chigawo cha Kasimovsky. Chothandizira chachikulu pakukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula m'derali zimapangidwa ndi Kasimovsky Zavety Ilyich farm farm, Avangard LLC ku Ryazansky, Ryazan Potato CJSC m'maboma a Miloslavsky, komanso minda yatsopano - AgroSoyuzSpassk LLC ndi Agroholding Shilovsky LLC.
- Tiuzeni za mapulani amchigawochi pakukula mbatata. Kodi ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zikuchitika?
Famu yophatikizira yotchedwa Lenin, chigawo cha Kasimovsky - Membala wa Russian Association of Potato Opanga. Gwiritsani ntchito matekinoloje olima aku Europe, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa bwino (kuyambira kulima mpaka kusanja). Dera lomwe lili pansi pa mbatata ndi mahekitala 320 pachaka. Mu 2014, matani 9 a mbatata adakololedwa ndi zokolola pafupifupi 281 c / ha. Famu yothandizirayi ili ndi malo osungira amakono, omwe amalola kusunga ndi kugulitsa mbewu chaka chonse. Avangard LLC, dera la Ryazan - imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zaulimi ku Central Russia. Famuyi ndiyosiyanasiyana: kuphatikiza kulima kwa mkaka ndi kukulitsa mbewu, kukula kwa mbatata ndikulima. Mu 2014, dera lomwe linali pansi pa mbatata linali mahekitala 327, matani zikwi 8 adakololedwa ndi zokolola za 246 c / ha. Mundawo umatulutsa mbatata ya chakudya ndi mbewu. Famu yabanja la Mansurov m'chigawo cha Klepikovsky adakhazikitsidwa mu 2007. Kuphatikiza sayansi ndikuchita, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mbewu zabwino kwambiri zikubala zipatso. Pofika chaka cha 2014, malo onse obzalidwa pafamuyi anali mahekitala 370, kuphatikiza mahekitala 140 a mbatata. Adakololedwa matani 3 ndi zokolola za 211 c / ha. Mbeu za mbatata zopangidwa ndi alimi sizifunikira kutsatsa kwapadera - zimawadzera kuchokera kumadera ena a Russia. |
- Chitsogozo chachikulu cha ntchito posachedwa ndikuwonjezeka kwama acreage ndi kuchuluka kwa mbatata, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungira amakono, kuphatikiza pamgwirizano. Tikukonzekera kuyambitsa ukadaulo wamasiku ano wa mbatata zolima (kutsindika makamaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mwayi wothirira - m'minda yayikulu ndi yaying'ono (minda) Kukweza mbatata kumathandizira kupititsa patsogolo madera ena, chifukwa mbatata ndizomwe zimapangidwira tikufunika kukulitsa mwayi wathu wogulitsa kunja.
Zakale za mbiriyakale
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 511, mitundu 50 ya mbatata idalimidwa m'mudzi wa Kostino, m'boma la Ryvnovsky, m'chigawo cha Ryazan. Msonkhanowu udanamizidwa ndikuchulukitsidwa ndi Nikolai Yakovlevich Nikitinsky, m'modzi mwa obereketsa oyamba achi Russia, wofalitsa wokhulupirika wa "khola lachiwiri", yemwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi mbatata zomwe zingapulumutse Russia ku njala. Anthu akale otchedwa Nikitinsky "mfumu ya mbatata". Ndipo mutuwo unali woyenera. Famuyo imagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zimapezeka podutsa mitundu yolowa kunja ndi zoweta, ndipo ananamizira zokolola zosamveka (kuchokera pamiphika 150 mpaka XNUMX pachitsamba chilichonse).
Mu 1920, mbatata za "Nikitinsky" zamtundu zidaperekedwa ku station ya Korenevskaya (tsopano Research Institute of Potato Farming) zomwe zidangokonzedwa pafupi ndi Moscow. Momwemo ndi mbatata za Ryazan zinayamba mbiri ya mbatata zaku Soviet Union zikukula.