M'chigawo chino, takhala tikugawana zambiri zamomwe zikukula mbatata zikukula m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Russia. Koma panthawiyi adaganiza zopitilira malire awo mwanjira iliyonse ndikupereka gawo lalikulu ku Kazakhstan - oyandikana nawo kumwera kwa Russia, omwe sanakhalepo ndi dzina loti "dziko lolima mbatata" m'mbiri, koma adatha kutembenuka kuchokera kwa wolowa wamkulu kukhala wogulitsa kunja wa mbatata munthawi yochepa kwambiri.
A Kairat Bisetaev, Wapampando wa Board of Union of Potato ndi Masamba Olima ku Kazakhstan, akufotokoza momwe dzikolo lidakwanitsira kuchita bwino komanso ntchito zomwe akuyenera kuthana nazo.
Za kupambana ndi pang'ono za ziwerengero
Kazakhstan nthawi zonse imadalira kugula mbatata. M'nthawi ya Soviet, tidalandira mbatata kuchokera ku Belarus, munthawi ya Soviet Union - kuchokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo.
Makampani a mbatata adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri pakukula kwachiwiri. Pakadali pano, kuyambiranso kwachuma kudayamba ku Kazakhstan ndipo ndondomeko yoyenerera ya ngongole idachitika: chuma chidaperekedwa kwa zaka 5-7 pa 4% pachaka. Mapulogalamu obwereketsa analinso opindulitsa. M'mikhalidwe ya "ndalama zotsika mtengo" zinali zosavuta kuyambitsa bizinesi, ndipo pofika 2008-2010 munthu amatha kunena za zotsatira zoyambirira. Ngakhale kuti panthawiyi Kazakhstan inali kudalirabe ndi zakunja: kuyambira Januware, mbatata zochokera ku Pakistan, Iran, China, osanenapo Kyrgyzstan ndi Russia, zakhala zikulowetsedwa mdzikolo.
Pofika 2016-17, olima mbatata ku Kazakhstan, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya dzikolo, adakwanitsa kupereka msika wazogulitsa pazinthu zonse ndikuchotsa kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa chindapusa kunatilola kuti tikambirane za kuthekera kwakukulu kotumiza kunja. Boma ndi bizinesi, zachidziwikire, atha kunena izi chifukwa cha zomwe achita.
Tsopano m'minda yamaulimi mdziko muno (osawerengera minda ya nzika) pafupifupi mahekitala 25 amapatsidwa mbatata, dera lonseli lili pansi pa ulimi wothirira. Mahekitala 25wa amadyetsa anthu onse akumatauni a Kazakhstan, komanso, titha kutumiza kunja matani zikwi 200-300.
Kawirikawiri zokolola za mbatata ndi 35-37 t / ha. Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndi zotsatira zabwino, zaka zisanu zapitazo m'minda yambiri zokolola sizinapitirire 30 t / ha, koma kuyambira pamenepo kuthekera kwa olima mbatata kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti ngati zaka zikubwerazi sipadzakhala zovuta zina kubizinesi yathu "kuchokera kunja", zokolola zambiri zidzafika 40 t / ha. Ngakhale kuli kale minda mdzikolo yomwe ikututa 50-55 t / ha, ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti ichi ndiye chikhazikitso chofunikira kuyesetsa.
Kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa zokolola zazikulu, malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, ndi pafupifupi matani 4 miliyoni a mbatata (m'minda yamtundu uliwonse). M'malo mwake, ndikuganiza, osaposa matani 2-2,2 miliyoni. Tsoka ilo, miyambo yowerengera "ndi zolakwika" yasungidwa mdziko lathu kuyambira nthawi ya Soviet, koma posachedwa tiziwachotsa: kupanga ma digito kukuyambitsidwa mdziko muno, kuchuluka kwa mayiko onse kukuchitika. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zithandizira kuthetsa vutoli ndi ziwerengero zokondera.
Kukula kwa mbewu kumathandizidwa ndi Europe ndikuberekana mwa dongosolo la bizinesi
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2000s, alimi a mbatata ku Kazakhstan adadalira mitundu yamakono, yopatsa zipatso kwambiri ku Europe. Tsopano gawo la mitundu iyi m'minda limaposa 90%, ndipo mbewu zambiri zimatumizidwa chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Germany ndi ku Netherlands. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu mdziko lathu.
Kazakhstan yakhazikitsa pulogalamu yopanga kuswana kwa mbatata ndikupanga mbewu, koma idapangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mpaka pano tili pachiyambi cha njirayi.
Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikuluzikulu zomwe tadzipangira kuti tichite posachedwa ndikukula kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa mbatata zopangidwa mdziko lathu.
Kazakhstan ili ndi maubwino angapo pakukula kwa mbewu. Tilibe malo ochepa (monga, ku Netherlands), ndiye kuti, palibe zovuta pakuwona kusinthasintha kwa mbewu zinayi. Zowonjezera zimaphatikizaponso nyengo yakuthambo: nyengo yozizira kwambiri imathandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri, ndipo nyengo yotentha imathandizira kuti muchepetse matenda a bakiteriya ndi mafangasi. Poganizira izi, zikuwonekeratu kuti pamtengo wotsika (ochepera mayiko ambiri ku Europe) titha kupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri.
Tikuyembekeza kukopa chidwi cha obereketsa aku Europe kuti agwirizane palimodzi mitundu ya mbatata zaku Europe mdera lathu, kenako nkuzigulitsa ku Kazakhstan komanso ku Central Asia ndi Russia.
Njira zina kumbali iyi zikuchitika kale. Chifukwa chake, nthumwi zochokera ku Kazakhstan (nthumwi zamabizinesi, Ministry of Agriculture) zidapita ku Netherlands, zidakumana ndi obereketsa, nthumwi za NAK (Main Inspection Service of the Netherlands for the Quality Control of Seed Material), adakambirana za mwayi wogwirizana. Ndipo tidaona chidwi kuchokera ku Europe.
Tsopano tikuyenera kudutsa magawo awiri ofunikira, tisanayambe ntchito yolumikizana.
Choyamba ndikulowa nawo UPOV (Organisation for the Protection of Breeders 'Copyright). Chachiwiri ndikukhazikitsa njira zathu zovomerezeka za mbewu (zidzakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo la NAK lomwe limasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe tikukhalira).
Ndikutsimikiza kuti zonsezi ndizotheka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti (poyang'ana nyengo yabwino yaku Kazakhstan yonse), mapulani olumikizirana adzakwaniritsidwa.
Koma polankhula zakufunika kokopa akatswiri aku Europe, kufunikira kokula mitundu yaku Europe mdera lathu, sitayiwala za kusankha kwathu. Tsopano, mitundu 36 ya mbatata ili m'gulu la Register of Breeding Achievements of Kazakhstan. Tikufuna kukulitsa mndandandawu, koma mitundu yatsopano ya Kazakh iyenera kufanana ndi mitundu yabwino yakunja.
Kodi ndi mbatata ziti zomwe alimi amakono akufuna kulima ku Kazakhstan?
Choyamba, tikufunika mitundu yoyambirira komanso yoyambirira - ili ndi pempho kuchokera kumafamu akumpoto kwa Kazakhstan (komwe kuli mabizinesi akuluakulu "mbatata"). Ndikuwona kuti palibe mitundu yokwanira pazifukwa zakale: Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing of Kazakhstan ili ku Almaty, ndiko kuti, kumwera kwa dzikolo. Ndipo asayansi a bungweli nthawi zonse amayang'ana pa mitundu yolimidwa kumwera.
Chachiwiri, mitundu yokhala ndi mnofu wachikasu ikufunika pamsika, ndi zomwe zachitika zaka 7-8 zapitazi.
Komanso pamndandanda wazofunikira pazogulitsidwazo ndi zokolola zambiri, kuwonetsa bwino kwambiri (mitundu yambiri yakunyumba ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo ili ndi khungu losiyana ndi maso akuya, omwe amalepheretsa mbatata za Kazakh kupikisana ndi aku Europe), kusunga bwino, kukana matenda ndi tizirombo.
Ndipo izi sizokhumba za alimi okha, koma ndi pulogalamu yoti achitepo kanthu.
Mu Januwale 2020, oimira mabizinesi adatenga nawo gawo koyamba pamsonkhano wa Academic Council of the Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing of Kazakhstan. Oyang'anira mafamu anali ndi mwayi wolankhula za zosowa zawo ndikusintha momwe ntchito ya oweta zaka zikubwerazi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pogwira ntchito yokambirana, tidzapeza zotsatira zabwino.
Monga ndanenera kale, zokolola za mbatata zakhala zikuwonjezeka kwambiri ku Kazakhstan pazaka zitatu zapitazi. Koma zomwe zakwaniritsidwa sizomwe zili malire, zitha kuwonjezeka osachepera kamodzi ndi theka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matani ena a 400-450 zikwi za zinthu atha kupezeka ngakhale osakulitsa malowo. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha izi ndi mbewu zabwino kwambiri zamitundu yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Malo ndi madzi monga oyendetsa kukula
Komabe, malowa adzawonjezekanso. Kazakhstan ili ndi malo aulere ochitira bizinesi komanso madzi okwanira kuti apitilize ulimi wothirira.
Mbatata zomwe zimalima ku Kazakhstan ndi amodzi mwamabande omwe amakula omwe mwachilengedwe amabwera chifukwa cha bizinesi. Ulimi ukakhala wokongola, osunga ndalama zoyambirira amafuna kuyika ulimi wothirira, pozindikira kuti gawo lonse laulimi ku Kazakhstan lili m'dera laulimi wowopsa. Kwa nyengo yonse yokula (kuyambira masika mpaka Ogasiti kuphatikiza), dzikolo limalandira, pafupifupi, kuchokera ku 50 mpaka 150 mm yamvumbi, motero kuthirira ndi chipulumutso chathu. Chifukwa chake, kukopa kwaulimi ku Kazakhstan kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi chitukuko cha ulimi wothirira.
Ndipo lero pulogalamu yapadera yaboma yopititsa patsogolo madzi ndi kuthirira yakhazikitsidwa. Tsopano mdziko muno muli mahekitala pafupifupi 1200-1300 zikwizikwi pansi pa kuthirira, pofika chaka cha 2027 ntchitoyo ndikuchulukitsa maderawa, ndipo izi ndi zenizeni.
Ndipo ngati anthu ayambitsa kuthirira, ndiye kuti choyamba akufuna kulima mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba za borsch, chifukwa mbewu izi zimapereka ndalama zambiri (makamaka kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, komwe tili ndi madzi ambiri).
Yosungirako. Msika wapakhomo umapatsidwa mbatata miyezi 10 pachaka
Sindinganene kuti Kazakhstan yathetsa 100% pankhani yopereka malo osungira mbatata amakono. Tili ndi zambiri zoti tigwire. Komabe, alimi amapereka mokwanira msika wanyumba ndi mbatata zabwino kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa Julayi (kuyambira koyambirira kokolola mbatata zoyambirira) mpaka Epulo kuphatikiza.
Atha kutsekedwa popanda zovuta. Koma panthawiyi, mbatata zatsopano zochokera ku Uzbekistan nthawi zambiri zimayamba kubwera kwa ife, ndipo palibe chifukwa chotsutsana nawo ndi zinthu zakale. Kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Julayi, timagulitsa mbatata zatsopano kuchokera kumayiko akumwera ndipo tikuganiza kuti zili bwino.
Zogulitsa pamsika waimvi
Ndikudandaula, ndikutha kuzindikira kuti pakadali pano mbatata zonse zomwe zimalimidwa m'minda yamaulimi aku Kazakh (komanso masamba a borscht) amagulitsidwa pamisika. Ngakhale unyinji wamakampani ogulitsa ku Moscow (osachepera 80%) amakonda kugula "zinthu zonyansa" m'misika - ndiye kuti, m'malo omwe kulibe njira zolipira ndipo ndizosatheka kupeza kuchuluka kwa nkhalapakati.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mashopu akulu amagawira mbatata ngati zinthu zomwe zimangofunika kukhala muntunduyu, sizidalira phindu kuchokera pamenepo, chifukwa chake amazigula "kudzera pagulu lachitatu. Zotsatira zake, mbatata zabwino sizikhala pamashelefu nthawi zonse, ngakhale zimapangidwa mokwanira.
Zachidziwikire, pali zosiyana: tsamba limodzi lamalonda lakhala likugula mbatata mwachindunji kuchokera kumafamu omwe ali mgulu la Union kwazaka zinayi tsopano, ndipo akuwona kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zitha kupanga ndalama. Ma netiweki amamanga mfundo pamitengo, amapikisana ndi msika, ndipo amachita bwino. Koma pakadali pano ichi ndi chitsanzo chokha.
Mwambiri, zomwe zimachitika pakakhala msika wakuda pakati pa mlimi ndi wogula womaliza wazogulitsayo, womwe umakhudza kwambiri mtengo wamitengo, tsopano suyeneranso aliyense. Njira yotereyi sichulukitsa zomwe mlimi amapeza, ndipo malonda ake amakhala otsika mtengo kwa anthu.
Tikukhulupirira kuti Unduna wa Zamalonda womwe wapangidwa posachedwa ku Kazakhstan uthandizira kukonza izi, zomwe zipititsa patsogolo ntchito zaulimi - kuphatikiza pamsika wanyumba.
Union of Potato and Vegetable Growers tsopano ikugwira ntchito ndi unduna watsopano pomanga njira zamagalimoto, kuwonetsetsa kuwonekera kwawo pamagawo onse. Tikufuna kuti onse omwe atenga nawo mbali pamsika amvetsetse: komwe ma markups amachitika ndi chifukwa chake, pamtengo wogulitsayo wogula ndi gawo liti lomwe wopanga amapeza.
Kodi "tikiti yolowera" ndi ndalama zingati ndipo ndalamazo zidzalipira ndalama ziti? Kuganizira za mitengo ya mbatata
Kulima mbatata ndi bizinesi yovuta yomwe imafunikira ndalama zambiri koyambirira. Timafunikira zida zapadera, zida zothirira, zosungira. "Tikiti yovomerezeka" ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri. Monga lamulo, wolima mbatata woyambira ayenera kutenga ngongole zandalama. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti pomwe ngongoleyi ikugwiridwa (monga lamulo, ndi zaka 5-7), msika ukugwira ntchito mopanda cholakwika. Ndiye kuti, mlimi ayenera kulandira mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo msika uyenera kugula mankhwalawa pamtengo wopatsa wopanga phindu. Tsoka ilo, woyamba komanso wachiwiri samachitika nthawi zonse.
Poyamba, munthu akapeza zonse zofunika kuyamba, nthawi zambiri amakhala alibe ndalama zotsalira kuti agwiritse ntchito. Ndipo mikhalidwe yathu, kuti tikule mbewu zabwino za mbatata, ndikofunikira kuyika ndalama pafupifupi 1 miliyoni tenge pa hekitala munyengo (kuyerekezera: pokolola tirigu, mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi 1 tenge / ha, mbewu za mafuta - 30 zikwi tenge / ha). Izi ndi ndalama zambiri, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti famu igule feteleza ndi zida zodzitetezera zonse, ndikukonzanso mbewu panthawi yake. Sikuti nthawi zonse ndipo si aliyense amene amachita bwino. Koma ngati mlimi, chifukwa chosowa ndalama, ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosalira zambiri, zokololazo zimagwa, ndipo wolimayo salandira ndalama zomwe zingamulole kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngongole zomwe zimamupachika.
Kumbali inayi, zimachitika kuti famu yolimba, yomwe ili ndi ndalama zokwanira zogwirira ntchito, imapeza zokolola zazikulu za mbatata zapamwamba, koma sizingagulitse zomwe zakula phindu: munthawi yomwe msika wanyumba umakhala mopitilira muyeso ndipo zogulitsa kunja sizakhazikika, mtengo wa mbatata sukupereka phindu.
Kusintha kwachuma kumabweretsa mavuto akulu kwambiri kwa olima mbatata. Timagwira ntchito paukadaulo waku Europe ndi America, timagula zodzitchinjiriza ku Europe ndi mbewu. Koma tikugulitsa zokolola zochuluka pamsika wanyumba. Tenge ikagwa, imagunda kwambiri phindu la mbatata.
Osati kale kwambiri, graph idasindikizidwa ku Kazakhstan, kuwonetsa kukwera kwamitengo yazogulitsa pazaka 10 zapitazi. Munthawi imeneyi, dzikolo lakhala likukumana ndi zambiri: kudumphadumpha kwamitengo yosinthira, kukwera kwamitengo. Zambiri zofunika zimakwera mtengo nthawi zina. Koma mbatata idatenga mzere womaliza pamtengo uwu, mtengo wawo udakwera ndi 46% yokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, pokonza ndandanda, pazifukwa zina, zizindikiro za 2018 sizidaganizidwe (zovuta kwambiri kwa olima mbatata potengera ndalama zomwe zikugwa). Ngati zingaganizidwe, kukula kwa mbatata kungakhale 20 peresenti.
Timagwira ntchito pamsika msika ukasankha mtengo. Koma nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ngati alimi atayimitsidwa, dziko litha kutaya ntchito zina. M'malingaliro mwanga, aboma akuyenera kuwongolera izi.
Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuswana kwathu, kukhazikitsa, kukonza, kupanga zodzikongoletsera m'misika yakunja - iyi ndiyo njira yomwe ingatilolere kulimbitsa ndikulitsa njira zokulitsira mbatata mdziko muno.
Tumizani. Kuyang'ana oyandikana nawo apafupi
Zimadziwika kuti kukula kwa mbewu kumabweretsa mavuto akulu ngati dziko lilibe njira yolingalirira yogulitsa omwe akulira. Malinga ndi malingaliro abizinesi, Kazakhstan ikufunikiradi mfundo yachitetezo chotsatsira malonda athu kumisika yakunja.
Tonsefe timamvetsetsa kuti mbatata sizinthu zomwe zingagulitsidwe padziko lonse lapansi. Ichi ndi chinthu chakomweko chomwe chikufunika makamaka pakati pa oyandikana nawo kwambiri. Timatsogozedwa ndi iwo.
Imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri kwa ife ndi Uzbekistan. Chaka chilichonse dziko lino limagulitsa kunja matani 300-400 zikwi za malonda (ndipo nthawi zina mpaka matani 500). Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mbatata kuchokera ku Kazakhstan kupita ku Uzbekistan sikunapitebe matani 269. Pali malo oti mukule. M'malo mdziko lathu, kuchuluka kwa zopangidwa ndi mtundu wazogulitsa zimaloleza ife, ndi mfundo zoyenerera zotumiza kunja, kupereka pafupifupi matani 300-350 zikwi ku Uzbekistan.
Msika waku Russia ndichosangalatsa ku Kazakhstan. Zachidziwikire, mbatata zambiri zimabzalidwa ku Russia: timawona mphamvu zakukula kwa zokolola komanso kuchepa kwama voliyumu akunja. Komabe, Russia imagula mbatata kunja ndi zambiri (pamlingo wa Kazakhstan).
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ku Russia ulimi wothirira umakonzedwa bwino mkatikati mwa dzikolo, koma ku Urals, ku Western ndi Eastern Siberia, mbatata nthawi zambiri zimalimidwa popanda kuthirira, pali zolephera za mbewu, pomwe magawo awa ndi msika wokwanira. Ndipo tikuwona gawo lathu pano. Malinga ndi malingaliro azachuma, ndizomveka kwambiri kupereka mbatata kumadera ochokera kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan kuposa ku Bryansk kapena Chuvashia.
Ndi dongosolo loyenera la zinthu, potengera maubwino ena omwe Kazakhstan ali nawo membala wa Eurasian Economic Community, titha kugwira bwino ntchito ndi maukonde kum'mawa kwa Russia. Tsopano sitichita izi pachifukwa chosavuta: palibe mkhalapakati wokwanira. Tili ndi opanga omwe amalima zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndipo amadziwa momwe angasungire. Kumbali yaku Russia, kuli ogula (maunyolo ogulitsa) omwe ali okonzeka kulandira katunduyo ndipo ali ndi chidwi nawo. Koma kupezeka kwa zinthu pazinthu zogulitsa ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri, pali zokoma zambiri, ndi bizinesi yapadera. Kupeza anthu omwe akufuna kuchita ndi ntchito yapadera yomwe sitingathe kuthetsa.
Malo achitatu omwe angatumize kunja ndi China. M'dziko lino, njira zochepetsera nthaka yaulimi zikuchitika mwachangu (chifukwa chakukula kwa mizinda, kumanga kwa mafakitale ambiri), palinso vuto la kuwonongeka kwa nthaka - ndipo zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukula nthawi zonse. Chaka chilichonse funsoli limakhala lovuta kwambiri: momwe mungadyetse anthu? Asayansi mdziko muno amakhulupirira kuti yankho lingakhale kukonzanso zakudya za nzika zadziko (chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kukhala mpunga wamba, koma mbatata zonenepa kwambiri).
Nthawi yomweyo, zikuwonekeratu kuti m'zochitika zakomweko, kuwonjezeka kwa mbatata ndi nzika iliyonse, ngakhale 1 kg pachaka, ndikuwonjezeka kwa matani 1,5 miliyoni nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimatsegula chiyembekezo chachikulu kwaogulitsa kunja. Sizingatheke kuti mfundo zosintha zakudya mdziko muno zizikwaniritsidwa mwachangu kuposa njira zopangira madera atsopano. Ndipo opanga alimi athu ayenera kukhala okonzekera izi.
Yobwezeretsanso. Timapanga kuyambira pachiyambi
Ndikukonza, zonse zimakhala zovuta kwambiri mpaka pano.
Mu 2016, Union of Potato and Vegetable Growers ku Kazakhstan adayitanitsa m'modzi mwa opanga ma mbatata akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - kampani yotchuka yaku Dutch kuti iziyendera dziko lathu. Tinawonetsa oimira kampaniyo minda yathu, ndipo akatswiri amayamikira zonse zomwe takwanitsa kuchita komanso kuthekera kwathu. Ndipo zaka zingapo - titayesa mitundu yapadera mzigawo zonse zadziko - komanso chiyembekezo chathu chachikulu.
Kampaniyo idaganiza zotsegula chomera kumwera kwa dziko lathu, m'chigawo cha Almaty, chifukwa kunapezeka kuti apa ndi pomwe mbatata zopangira ma batala zimawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri: nyengo ndi dothi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza mpaka 100 t / ha.
Malo omanga adatsimikizika, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kuvomerezedwa. Koma ntchitoyi idakwaniritsidwa. Vuto lalikulu ndiloti kumwera kwa Kazakhstan kulibe minda yayikulu ya mbatata yomwe ingakonzekere kutengapo gawo lazogulitsa zopangira mbewu. Ndikofunikira koyamba kuthana ndi chitukuko cha zomwe zikuyambira. Akatswiri a kampaniyi ndiokonzeka kuchita izi, koma chaka chino mliri wakhala cholepheretsa kuyamba ntchito.
Tili othokoza kwambiri kwa omwe tikugwirizana nawo kuti ali otsimikiza pankhaniyi, ndipo tikuyembekeza zabwino. Ntchitoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri mdziko muno: itha kulimbikitsa kwambiri kuti mbatata zikule kwambiri, ndikupanganso ntchito yopanga. Tisaiwale kuti Kazakhstan pankhaniyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi Russia, komwe kuli miyambo yopanga zinthu kuchokera ku mbatata (wowuma, mwachitsanzo), pali mafakitale (ngakhale achikale, kuyambira nthawi ya Soviet), pali malo ofufuzira omwe akugwirira ntchito mafakitoli - kutanthauza kuti pali akatswiri, matekinoloje ndi luso. Tiyenera kupanga zonse kuyambira pachiyambi.
Nyengo ya 2020. Nthawi yobwezeretsa
Chaka chino chabweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa aliyense.
Masika amakumbukiridwa ndikubweretsa kwaokha ndipo malire adatsekedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tiyenera kupereka msonkho ku boma lathu: kuti ntchito yofesa ichitike, kasamalidwe ka ntchito mu Marichi, Epulo ndi Meyi adachitika pafupifupi pamanja. Wachiwiri kwa akim mderali amalumikizana molunjika ndi malo onse azikhalidwe zomwe zili mdera lake, mavuto aliwonse athetsedwa mwachangu. Mitsempha idawonongeka, koma mbewu zonse zomwe tidabwera kuchokera ku Europe zidaperekedwa munthawi yake.
Kuyambira Epulo, kutentha kwakukulu kudayamba mdzikolo, komwe kudakhala miyezi itatu. Chinyezi chamlengalenga chinafika 15%, dziko lapansi lidatenthedwa mpaka 60 ° С. Kuthirira kunayenera kuyambika mwezi umodzi kale kuposa masiku onse. Komabe, tidapeza zokolola zabwino za mbatata - malinga ndi kuwerengera komaliza, tidakolola pafupifupi matani 900 zikwi m'makampani. Izi sizotsatira zabwino kwambiri ngati tingaziyerekeza ndi zizindikilo za zaka zisanu zapitazi, koma zimatilola kuti tipeze konkriti wolimbikitsidwa pamsika wakunyumba ndikutumiza kunja matani ena 250-280 zikwi zakunja.
Pazinthu zabwino chaka chino, nditha kuzindikira mitengo yotsika kwambiri yazogulitsa zathu.
Kwa zaka zitatu zapitazi, alimi a mbatata akhala ali pamavuto otsika - pafupifupi zero - phindu, ndipo mu 2018 ambiri adakhalabe ochepa kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano tikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha mtengo wabwino chaka chino tidzatha "kunyambita mabala athu": kuchotsa ngongole zoperewera, kukonza zida, ndikulimbikitsanso ntchito pazakudya ndi chitetezo cha mbewu. Pakadali pano tiribe mwayi wolankhula zakutukuka, pomwe tikulankhula zakubwezeretsanso.
Mwambiri, mbiri yakapangidwe ka mbatata yomwe ikukula ku Kazakhstan ndi chitsanzo chabwino chokhazikitsira mgwirizano wodziyimira pawokha, nyengo yazachuma komanso chilengedwe pakupanga bizinesi yatsopano. Ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi chabe!
K S