Evgeny Leshchenko, Nduna ya zaulimi m'chigawo cha Novosibirsk
Gawo: 177,76 zikwi sq. Km.
Chiwerengero: Anthu 2 798 170, omwe 79,21% ndiomwe amakhala m'mizinda.
Malo: Dera la Novosibirsk lili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa West Siberian Plain. Kumpoto, imadutsa dera la Tomsk, kumwera chakumadzulo - ndi Kazakhstan, kumadzulo - ndi dera la Omsk, kumwera - ndi Altai Territory, kum'mawa - ndi dera la Kemerovo.
Nyengo kontinenti, yolimba kwambiri kuposa madera aku Europe ndi America omwe ali pamtunda womwewo. Nyengo zinayi za chaka zimatchulidwa. Nyengo yozizira komanso yayitali yokhala ndi chivundikiro chofewa cha chipale chofewa kuyambira 20 cm kumwera chakumadzulo mpaka 50-70 masentimita kumpoto, nthawi zina ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi namondwe. Avereji ya kutentha kwa Januware: -18 ... -20 ° С. Chilimwe ndi chotentha, koma chachifupi - kuyambira masiku 90 mpaka 100 kumpoto mpaka masiku 120-130 kumwera. Mwezi wofunda kwambiri ndi Julayi (+ 19 ... + 25 ° С).
Nyengo zosintha (masika, nthawi yophukira) ndizochepa ndipo zimadziwika ndi nyengo yosakhazikika, kubwerera nyengo yozizira. Mazira ozizira amayamba theka lachiwiri la Seputembala ndikutha kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Mvula yamvula yapachaka ndi 414 mm (kuyambira 290 mpaka 540 mm). Mpaka 70% yamvula imagwa ngati mvula, makamaka yamkuntho ndi mvula yamabingu. Mwa izi, 20% imagwera mu Meyi-Juni, makamaka, kuyambira nthawi ya Epulo mpaka Okutobala pali (pafupifupi) 330 mm yamvula, kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi - 95 mm. Mphepo zakummwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo zimapambana. Mphepo zowuma ndi chilala zimawonedwa kumadera akummwera. Nyengo yokula: kuyambira masiku 144-148 kumpoto mpaka masiku 158-163 kumwera.
Chithandizo: makamaka mosabisa. Gawo lina la chigawochi, lomwe lili kumanzere kwa Mtsinje wa Ob, lili ndi chigwa chotsika (120 mita pamwamba pa nyanja) chokhala ndi zotumphukira zonga mamita 3 mpaka 10. Banki lamanja la Ob limakhala lokwera kwambiri komanso lamapiri. Kum'mawa kwa dera lino ndi phiri la Salair lomwe lili ndi malo okwera kwambiri m'chigawochi (502 m pamwamba pamadzi).
Dothi: makamaka podzolic ndi imvi nkhalango. Chifukwa cha kudumpha kwa gawo lalikulu lachigawochi, mchere wamiyala yopanga nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka, dothi lamchere limapangidwa pano: meadow-chernozem, dambo, boggy, madambo amchere, minyewa yamchere ndi chimera.
Malo azaulimi: Mahekitala 7752,475 zikwi.
Dera la Novosibirsk lili pachisanu m'boma la Siberia potengera mbatata. Ponena za kufunika kwa chikhalidwechi m'derali komanso ngati pali chiyembekezo chowonjezera kupanga, tikukambirana ndi Minister of Agriculture of the Novosibirsk Region E.M. Leshchenko.
- Evgeny Mikhailovich, mbatata sizingatchulidwe kuti ndiwo mbewu yayikulu ku dera la Novosibirsk. Koma kodi akadali ndi malo odziwika bwino m'gawo lazokolola?
- Mu 2019, malo obzala mbewu izi m'minda yamagulu onse anali mahekitala 19,7 zikwi, mu 2020 pang'ono pang'ono - 18,3 zikwi. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola zonse mu 2019 kunali kofanana ndi matani 299,4 zikwi.
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti zigawo zonse za m'derali zimalima mbatata. Mu 2019, zokolola zabwino kwambiri zidapezeka m'dera la Novosibirsk - matani zikwi 47,9, Ordynsky - matani 30, Moshkovsky - matani zikwi 26,3.
Ngati tikulankhula za mafakitale, ndiye kuti mu 2019 mabungwe azolimo ndi minda ya anthu wamba m'derali adapatsa mahekitala 3,6 zikwi zakulima mbatata. Kuchuluka kwa chopereka chonse chinali matani zikwi 72,5. Zokolola zambiri ndi 213,3 c / ha.
Mu 2020, mbatata zidabzalidwa kudera la mahekitala 2736.
Pafupifupi, mabizinesi 13 aulimi, mabizinesi 32 a anthu wamba (komanso olima) akuchita bizinesi yolima mbatata mderali. Onsewa akugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono olima.
Chidwi chachikulu pa mbeu iyi (amawerengera 67,6% ya mbatata yonse yomwe imapangidwa m'mabizinesi azolimo, minda yosauka komanso amalonda payekha) amalipidwa ndi: ZAO SPH "Yarkovskoe", IE Leonidov AP, OOO LEONiS, OOO OPH "Dary Ordynska", LLC "Minda Ya Giant". Phindu lalikulu kwambiri pakupanga mbatata lidapezeka ku LEONiS LLC (268,8%), Sady Giganta LLC (121,4%), SIBKRA LLC (120,7%).
- Kodi pali mapulogalamu amchigawo othandizira mbatata zomwe zimalima m'dera la Novosibirsk?
- Malinga ndi lamulo la Boma la dera la Novosibirsk la 02.02.2015 No. 37-p "Pa pulogalamu yaboma ya dera la Novosibirsk" Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaulimi ndikuwongolera misika ya zinthu zaulimi, zopangira ndi chakudya m'chigawo cha Novosibirsk "pali mndandanda wazinthu zothandizira boma zomwe zathandizidwa kuchokera ku feduro ndi ma bajeti amchigawo: kubwezeredwa kwa gawo lina la mtengo wa zovuta zaukadaulo waukadaulo, kubwezeredwa kwa gawo lina la mtengo wogula mbewu zapamwamba ndi zoyambirira, kubwezeredwa kwa gawo lina la mtengo wogulira njira zaukadaulo ndi zida.
- Kodi mitundu ya mbatata imakula bwanji m'derali? Kodi kupanga mbewu za mbatata kumayambika?
- Malinga ndi zomwe nthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ili ku Novosibirsk, kutengera kusanthula kwa lipoti la mbewu zofesedwa kwa zaka zitatu (2018-2020), mitundu yotchuka kwambiri m'minda yaulimi m'dera la Novosibirsk ndi: Gala, Tuleevsky, Rozara, Red Scarlett, Lina.
Dera limakwaniritsa zosowa za mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Sib-NIIRS (nthambi ya ICG SB RAS), KFH "Nastenka", ZAO SPH "Michurinets" amakhazikika pakulima mbatata m'derali.
- Kampani PepsiCo itsegula chomera chopangira tchipisi m'chigawo cha Novosibirsk. Kodi makampani azolimo ali okonzeka kulima mitundu ya mbatata?
- Zachidziwikire, opanga zaulimi alandila malingaliro a PepsiCo oti apange makina osinthira mdera lathu mwachidwi. M'tsogolomu, minda yambiri ingafune kukhala imodzi mwazogulitsa zake zazikulu. Pankhaniyi, mu 2020, agrarians amderali adakulitsa malo obzala tchipisi ta mbatata.
Zachidziwikire, tonsefe timvetsetsa kuti kupanga chinthu chotere kumafunikira chidziwitso chachikulu komanso maluso, koma anthu ali okonzeka kuphunzira.
Mu Novembala 2019, pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wazamalonda "Siberia Agrarian Sabata", tebulo lozungulira "Matekinoloje ophatikizika okula tchipisi cha mbatata" lidakonzedwa, lomwe lidabweretsa olima ambiri achidwi. Ophunzirawo adalandira zambiri (kuphatikiza kuchokera kwa woimira PepsiCo) zamalamulo okonza nthaka, mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukolola tchipisi ta mbatata. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti aka si kotsiriza komaliza kotere.
- Mu 2017-18, atolankhani adasindikiza zidziwitso zakukhazikitsidwa kwa tsango la mbatata zaku Russia-China mdera la Novosibirsk. Kodi ntchitoyi ipitilira?
- Tsoka ilo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga mbatata m'derali kwatsika pazifukwa zingapo. Mulingo wazodzikwaniritsa pazogulitsidwazo ndi 84,0% (ndikumwa kwanu pamlingo wa 94,1 kg pa munthu aliyense). Poganizira izi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa tsango la mbatata lachi Russia ndi China m'derali pano ladziwika kuti silothandiza. Komabe, sitimaliza ntchitoyi ndipo tidzabwereranso ku malingaliro ake pamene kudzikwaniritsa mu mbatata kukafika 100%.
- Kodi mabungwe azaulimi ku Novosibirsk amapereka mbatata kunja?
- Malinga ndi Dipatimenti Yachigawo ya Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision, mu 2019, opanga ulimi ku Novosibirsk amatumiza pafupifupi matani 60 a mbatata. Zotumiza zidaperekedwa ku Republic of Kazakhstan. Chiwerengerochi ndi chaching'ono, koma mtsogolomo tikukonzekera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa katundu wogulitsa kunja ndikupereka thandizo kwa omwe amapanga zaulimi omwe akufuna kuchita izi (thandizo likuchitika kale mgulu la ntchito yachigawo "Kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zaulimi").
- Kodi njira yosungira mbatata yapangidwa m'derali?
- Mabizinesi 27 olima ali ndi malo awo osungira masamba ndi mbatata mderali, malo onse osungira ndi 60,4 matani zikwi. Nthawi yomweyo, mabungwe atatu ali ndi malo osungira akulu omwe amalola kuyika malonda kuchuluka kwa matani zikwi 15-16,5.
Pakadali pano, kumangidwanso kwa malo osungira mbatata (okhala ndi matani 12 zikwi) ku JSC SPH "Yarkovskoye" kukuchitika.
- Mu 2015, dera la Novosibirsk lidakondwerera tsiku lokumbukira zaka 120 kuyambira pomwe ntchito yokonzanso idayamba ku steppe cha Barabinskaya. Kodi dera likukhudzidwa pakusintha kwa nthaka masiku ano? Kodi dera lamthirira likukula?
- Kuyambira 2015, takhala tikukhazikitsa gawo laling'ono la pulogalamu yaboma "Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yokonzanso minda yaulimi m'chigawo cha Novosibirsk". Munthawi imeneyi, mabizinesi azolimo adalandira ma ruble miliyoni 108,9 ngati chithandizo cha boma, kuphatikiza ma ruble 77,9 miliyoni poyerekeza bajeti ya feduro, ma ruble 31,0 miliyoni polipirira bajeti yamchigawo, makina 5 okongoletsera okhala ndi malo okwanira kuthirira adamangidwa ndikumangidwanso Mahekitala 1,9 zikwi.
Dera lamunda wothirira m'dera la Novosibirsk ndi mahekitala 36,9, pomwe mahekitala 35,8 zikwi ndi malo olimapo.
- Atolankhani amalemba zambiri za chilala ku dera la Novosibirsk chaka chino. Kodi nyengo yovuta ingakhudze zokolola za mbatata?
- Pofika koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, njira zadzidzidzi zamatauni chifukwa chouma panthaka zidayambitsidwa m'maboma 17 mwa 30 amchigawochi, ambiri mwa iwo amapezeka kumwera chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa dera. Kuwononga kuwonongeka kukuchitika masiku omwe akhudzidwa. M'madera omwe mwadzidzidzi, likulu lidapangidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi zochita ndi kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso. Likulu, mothandizana ndi atsogoleri a mabungwe azaulimi, atsogoleri a minda ya anthu wamba, omwe akuchita bizinesi pazinthu zaulimi, amatenga njira zochepetsera kuwonongeka. Zachidziwikire, sipadzakhala zokolola chaka chino, koma momwe zinthu zilili m'minda ya mbatata sizowopsa: pakadali pano, palibe kufa kwa kubzala mbatata komwe kwadziwika.