Timapitiriza kukambirana za vuto lomwe lilipo panthawiyi - mbatata rhizoctoniosis.
Magwero a matenda ndi matenda mbatata zomera ndi ena udzu. Zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chaka ndi chaka ndi nthaka ndi ma tubers a mbatata (mafupipafupi a kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu tubers ndi 29 mpaka 70%). Kupatsirana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panthawiyi kumachitika m'nthaka, komanso ndi basidiospores pa chinyezi chambiri (86-96% kapena kupitilira apo) ndi madontho oyendetsedwa ndi mpweya, koma makinawa ndiwofunikanso.
Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'chilengedwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa dothi ndi tuber kufalitsa chaka ndi chaka, ndi dontho lowonjezera la mpweya panyengo. Kutengera izi, pofuna kuteteza kubzala mbatata ku rhizoctoniosis, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndi njira zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa matenda a tizilombo m'nthaka ndi ma tubers.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakupewa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi matenda ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso kuphatikiza njira za agrotechnical ndi mankhwala.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matendawa pazitsamba za mbatata, komanso matenda a ma tubers, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndikubwezeretsa mbatata kumalo awo oyamba pasanathe zaka 3-4. Kukula mbatata mu kasinthasintha wa mbewu pambuyo pa manyowa obiriwira, soya, chimanga, udzu osatha kumachepetsa kukula kwa rhizoctoniosis pazimera, zimayambira ndi ma tubers ndi nthawi 2,0-2,7.
Ngati sizingatheke kuchititsa kasinthasintha wa mbeu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zili ndi phytosanitary polimbana ndi causative agent wa rhizoctoniosis monga kalambulabwalo. Pofuna kukonza phytopathological pa mbatata, monga mbewu za phytosanitary (zoyambirira), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu monga chimanga, udzu wosatha, zosakaniza za nyemba, kaloti, lupins, soya, mbewu za kabichi ndi fulakesi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa R. solani Kühn. m'nthaka.
Maziko awo ntchito ndi kuti matenda isanayambike tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amalimbikira kwa nthawi yaitali mu nthaka mu mkhalidwe anakakamizika dormancy. Muzu secretions wa mbewu zaulimi kugonjetsedwa ndi causative wothandizira wa mbatata rhizoctoniosis tifulumizane kumera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda propagules m'nthaka. Pankhaniyi, spores wa phytoparasite ndi majeremusi awo hyphae, osakumana atengeke khamu chomera, pang'ono kufa. Chifukwa chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, monga lamulo, timakhala ndi mpikisano wofooka poyerekeza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, njira imeneyi imayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, zotsalira zotsalira pambuyo pokolola za mbewu za phytosanitary zimathandizira kuchulukira kwa ma saprophyte m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kutenga malo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu niche yachilengedwe.
Amadziwikanso kuti tirigu, balere, oats, rapeseed ndi mpiru ndi omwe amapanga antifungal zinthu. Choncho, zomera za m'banja la phala zimakhala ndi purothionine, phenol-type compounds, benzoxazolinones, hordecin, furfrurol, gramine alkaloid, utoto wachikasu m'maselo awo, ndipo zomera za kabichi zimakhala ndi allyl mpiru, mpiru wa phenylethyl ndi crotonyl mpiru mafuta, rafanin, heirolin. zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa microflora ya pathogenic.
Ku Siberia, m’nyengo ina ya kukula, mbewu zoyambilira monga rapeseed ndi sarepta mpiru kwambiri zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa R. solani m’nthaka. Pofika mwezi wa May chaka chamawa, chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa bowa kuchokera ku zotsalira za mbewu zowonongeka, chiwerengero cha propagules cha causative wothandizira wa rhizoctoniosis chimachepetsedwa ndi 2,0. Oats alibe mphamvu yaikulu pa kuyeretsa nthaka, koma amalola kukhazikika kwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tirigu ndi balere sikuti amangokonda kudzikundikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panyengo yakukula, komanso zimathandizira kulimbikira kwake m'nthaka mpaka kumapeto kwa masika. Chifukwa chake, pakuwona kwa phytosanitary, zotsogola zabwino kwambiri za mbatata ndi kasupe rapeseed ndi mpiru. Mukayika mbewu pa oats, balere wamasika ndi tirigu, ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa causative agent wa rhizoctoniosis m'nthaka.
Mndandanda wazomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Zeiruk V.N. Kuchita bwino kwa kasinthasintha kwapadera kwa mbewu ndi njira yotetezedwa ya mbatata ku matenda ndi tizirombo / V.N. Zeiruk, V.M. Glez, S. V. Vasilyeva, M.K. Derevyagin, V.I. Sedova, N. A. Gaitova, L. V. Dmitrieva // Mbatata ikukula m'madera aku Russia: Mavuto enieni a sayansi ndi machitidwe. - M., 2006. - S. 38-47.
- Ivanuk V.G. Njira za Agrotechnical zothana ndi rhizoctoniosis ya mbatata / V.G. Ivanyuk, O.T. Alexandrov, V. I. Kalach // Chitetezo ndi kuika kwaokha zomera. - 2001. - No. 11. - S. 18-19.
- Ivanuk V.G. Mawonekedwe a rhizoctoniosis ya mbatata ku Belarus / V.G. Ivanyuk, O.T. Aleksandrov // Mycology ndi Phytopathology. - 2000. - T. 34, ayi. 5. - S. 51-59.
- Loshakov V.G. Kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndi cholumikizira chofunikira pamachitidwe amakono a ulimi / Loshakov V.G. // Bulletin ya Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. - 2006. - No. 5. - S. 23-26.
- Shaldyaeva E. M. Kuwunika kwa rhizoctoniosis muzakudya za mbatata ku Western Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, N. M. Konyaev. - Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
- Shaldyaeva E. M. Kukhathamiritsa kwa phytosanitary state of minda ya mbatata pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe rapeseed ngati mbewu yobiriwira manyowa / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Chitetezo Chomera ku Siberia: Sat. sayansi tr. aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira omaliza a Faculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83
- Carling DE Zotsatira za kutentha kwa virulence ya Rhizoctonia solani ndi Rhizoctonia ina pa mbatata / DE Carling, RH Leiner // Phytopathology. - 1990. - V. 80, No. 10. - P. 930-934.