Alena Arkhangelskaya, Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Zamalonda pa Agronomic Support, PhosAgro-Volga
Njere ya m'nyengo yozizira ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ntchito yochulukitsa ulimi wambewu, chifukwa imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri poyerekeza ndi mbewu za masika.
Mbali ya kukula kwa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yokulirapo komanso kugawa kwa moyo wa zomera mu magawo awiri akuluakulu. Yoyamba imagwa m'dzinja: kuyambira kufesa mpaka kuzizira kosalekeza. Yachiwiri imakonzedwanso mu kasupe ndipo imatha ndi mapangidwe a makutu ndi imfa ya zomera. Zokolola za dzinja pamlingo womwewo zimadalira momwe nyengo yonseyi ikuyendera.
M'nyengo yozizira mbewu zambewu, gawo la vernalization limapezeka nthawi ya autumn-yozizira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakonzekeretsa zomera pa siteji iyi ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Kupereka zomera ndi zofunika kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu pa yabwino kutentha boma ndi mulingo woyenera tsiku kutalika kumathandiza kuti pang'onopang'ono njira kuumitsa ndi kupeza yozizira hardiness ndi chisanu kukana. Zima hardiness ya zomera makamaka zimadalira madzi atagwira mphamvu ya protoplasm. Kuwongolera kwaulamuliro wamadzi kumaphatikizapo kufa kwa mbewu zachisanu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi. Phosphorus imayendetsa bwino madzi a zomera zamoyo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwamadzi ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu yolimba. Poganizira kuti kukula ndi mapangidwe a mizu yachiwiri kumapitirira mpaka mutu, zomera zimafunikira phosphorous kuchokera kumera mpaka kupanga khutu.
Kufikira milungu inayi, mbewu zazing'ono zambewu zimatenga phosphorous yambiri kuchokera ku feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kenako, ndikupanga mizu yotukuka, kuchokera kunthaka. Nthawi yomweyo, njala ya phosphorous panthawiyi imayambitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola za tirigu ndi 30-37%. Kupanda kupezeka mitundu phosphorous pa lonse vernalization siteji kumabweretsa wathunthu mbewu yokolola kulephera, koma ndi zotheka mapangidwe yachibadwa udzu yokolola. Kuperewera kwa phosphorous kotsalira mu kasupe, zomera zikachoka m'nyengo yozizira, zimachepetsanso kwambiri zokolola, ndipo zokolola zambewu zimatha kutsika mpaka ziro.
Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni muzakudya zamchere zam'mera kumadalira kwambiri momwe zinthu ziliri. Zakudya za ammonium muzomera zimapeza phosphorous yambiri kuposa zakudya za nitrate. Nthawi yomweyo, njala ya phosphorous imachedwetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni muzomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nayitrogeni achuluke muzinthu.
Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni ndikofunikira. Mu njala ya potaziyamu, nayitrogeni sagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, makamaka ngati magwero ake ndi ammonia. Potaziyamu ndi amene amachititsa kudzikundikira chofunika kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe pulasitiki zinthu zomera pamaso hibernation, makamaka shuga. The katundu ndi zofunika mapangidwe maganizo kukana dzinja mbewu. Mulingo wathunthu wa feteleza wa potashi uyenera kuperekedwa ku chomeracho poyambira kufesa.
Zakudya za nayitrogeni ziyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yonse yakukula, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika komanso kupepuka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka. Koma m'pofunika kuganizira kuti kwambiri chisanadze kufesa nayitrogeni zakudya zimayambitsa wamphamvu vegetative kukula kwa zomera ndi amphamvu bushiness. Imathandizira kudzikundikira pamwamba pa nthaka misa, ndi kusakhazikika kwa mapangidwe a mizu, kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kuumitsa kwa zomera pamaso pa overwintering, kuwonjezeka kwa udzu kuwonongeka ndi matenda a fungal, malo ogona tirigu ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola za tirigu.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika m'nyengo yachilimwe, kuyambira nthawi yolima mpaka tsamba la mbendera. Mu gawo la tillering, mphukira zowonjezera zimapangidwira - chiwerengero chonse cha zimayambira zobala. Kenako, mu gawo lolowa mu chubu, ma spikelets amapangidwa. Mu gawo la tsamba la mbendera, kuchuluka kwa mbewu mu spikelet kumatsimikiziridwa, ndipo pambuyo pa maluwa caryopsis imakula. Njira zonsezi zimafunikira mpweya wokwanira wa nayitrogeni ndi solar insolation.
Kupanga zinthu zabwino zokulitsa mbewu zachisanu m'dzinja kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chinyezi ndi michere yosungidwa ndi zomera m'chaka. Kumayambiriro kwa kutentha kosasunthika, iwo amachulukitsa mofulumira misa yawo ya vegetative ndipo amavutika pang'ono ndi chilala cha masika chifukwa cha chilala cha masika. Kucha koyambirira kwa mbewu zachisanu kumatetezanso ku mphepo youma.
Pochoka m'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimafowoka ndipo zimakhala zosavuta ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda a fungal. M`pofunika kuchita oyambirira kasupe Mavalidwe umalimbana utithandize kukula zomera, activating kusinthika njira. The kwambiri muzu zakudya kumapangitsa kukula kwa yachiwiri mizu ndi kudzikundikira vegetative misa. Zakudya zochokera m'nthaka zochokera ku mizu yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa xylem zimakwera mpaka masamba, pomwe zimatengedwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala organic, pambuyo pake zimakhala chakudya, ndikubwerera ku mizu. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zam'nyengo yozizira sizimalabadira feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu kasupe, komanso phosphorous, zomwe zimatsimikizira kumera kwa mizu ndikukulitsa mapangidwe a mizu yachiwiri. Njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera masamba ndi mizu ya zomera ndi ammonium ortho- ndi polyphosphates kuchokera ku feteleza APALIQUA® NP 11:37 (ZhKU). Kuvala kwapamwamba kwa mbewu zambewu zam'nyengo yozizira APALIQUA® NP 11:37 (ZhKU) mu gawo lolimako kumathandizira kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa tillering, kudzikundikira kwa vegetative mass, kupanga tirigu wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe pamodzi zidzalola kuwonjezeka kwa mbewu. Zotuluka.
Kuonetsetsa kukula bwino kwa mbewu za dzinja, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi sulfure, magnesium, manganese, zinki, boron, mkuwa ndi zina. Kafukufuku akutsimikizira kuti kupereka mbewu za tirigu m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuchuluka kofunikira kwa meso- ndi ma microelements kumawonjezera zokolola zambewu ndi 0,32-0,47 t / ha ndi 1-2% mapuloteni.
Popeza zinchito za meso- ndi microelements umalimbana mapangidwe kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira yabwino ya vernalization siteji, ndi bwino kuyambitsa microelements m'nthaka monga mbali ya waukulu yaitali amachita mchere feteleza. Chimodzi mwazabwino zake ndikupereka kwachindunji zinthu zotsatsira ku mizu yazomera. Izi, choyamba, kumapatula kusowa kwa kufufuza zinthu pa nthawi ya kukula ndi zotheka nthawi zomera nkhawa. Kuonjezera apo, chilala cha mumlengalenga chimachepetsa turgor ya maselo a zomera. Ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi chamkati, mchere wochuluka wochokera ku feteleza wa micronutrient pa nthawi ya kudyetsa foliar ukhoza kukhala ndi poizoni pa zomera - kumayambitsa mchere. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe a foliar pa nthawi ya chilala kumatha kuwononga malo a zomera chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwa photosynthesis, komwe kumathandizira kuti shuga ayambe kugwira ntchito. Koma kusowa kwa chinyezi kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwawo kwamkati, komwe kumayambitsa "kupanikizana" kwa shuga, kuyimitsa kwathunthu kagayidwe kachakudya muzomera.
Masiku ano mzere wa feteleza wamchere wopangidwa ndi PhosAgro uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 50. Feteleza amatha kukhala ndi zakudya 2 mpaka 8. Granule iliyonse imakhala ndi michere m'magawo omwe atchulidwa.
Pazakudya zazikulu za mizu ya mbewu zachisanu mukabzala m'dzinja, timalimbikitsa mitundu yokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu wambiri:
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + B ndi NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 8:20:30 (2) + B ndi NPK (S) 8:20:30 (2) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + B ndi NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 5:15:30 (5) + B.
Zambiri za feteleza zamchere wa PhosAgro:
+7 (495) 232-96-89