Zipangizo ndi mitengo yakumwa
Mikhail Evgenievich DANILOV, Director wa Avgusta ku Marketing and Marketing, akupitiliza nkhani yake yokhudza kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mabuku am'mbuyomu adakambirana za kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi nyengo pazomwe zimagwirira ntchito ngati kupopera. Tsopano tikambirana za zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthira mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pa zochuluka za zokolola, sapota wa boom imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ichi ndiye "chida" chomwe tidzagunda chandamale molondola komanso munthawi yake, kapena tidzaphonya. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumatengera kwambiri mawonekedwe ake ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
KULENGA KWA CHOLINGA
Gawo loyamba la sprayer, isanayambike chithandizo chenicheni, ndikukonzekera yankho logwira ntchito. Ndipo ntchito yathu ndikupanga njira yothandizira kuti kukonzekerako kugawidwe moyenera paliponse, sikuwunjikana m'malo opopera a sapopera, sikupanga mpweya kapena magwiridwe antchito amisala, etc.
Mawu ofunika pakufotokozera kukonzekera kwa yankho ndi "pomwe chosakanikacho chikuyenda (ndikuyatsidwa)" mosiyanasiyana (chosakanikacho chikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati "makina", "hydraulic", "kugwira ntchito bwino" kapena "kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse").
Posachedwa, gulu la opopera mbewuzi m'mafamu ambiri lakhala likupangidwanso, komabe, mitundu yawo malinga ndi mkhalidwe udakalipobe. Ndipo mzochita zanga, ndakumana ndi opopera mankhwala (sindingagulitse kapena kutsatsa malonda kwa wina aliyense), pomwe makina oyendetsa makina ayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati sprayer ikuyenda, chifukwa chake njira yothetsera yankho "ndi agitator yatembenuka" ndizosatheka. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osungunuka bwino (mwanjira ya SP kapena WDH, mwachitsanzo), muzochitika zoterezi ndizomveka kukonzekera mayi zakumwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pomwe sipikili yofanana ndi iwonso ikawonjezedwa mu thanki, mankhwala ambiri, chifukwa cha kupindika kwawo, omwe ndi okulirapo kuposa madzi, adzamira pansi. Ndipo izi, pakukonzekera kusakanikirana kwa thanki, zimatha kubweretsa mapangidwe osavuta kusungunuka. Kuyeretsa kwina kwa zida kumakhala ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Mwanjira ina ine ndekha ndinachitira umboni za kuzunzidwa ndi zotumphukira zotere poyesa kupanga thanki ya "August" Tornado ndi Herbitox: "konkriti" wopangidwira pansi pa sprayer silingakhudzidwe ndi chosinthira chomwe chimangotembenuka pakungoyendetsa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pokonzekera yankho logwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwake (mosiyana ndi masamu) kumatengera kuvomerezedwa kwa mawu mu equation. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe ambiri mwanjira ya emulsion concentrate (EC) amakonda kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zosokoneza emulsion. Mwachidule, tikamawonjezera mankhwala kumadzi, ndiye madontho ang'onoang'ono amomwe amapangidwira m'madzi amapangidwa - emulsion yomwe tikuyesetsa kuti tipeze, koma ngati mumathira madzi mu mankhwalawa, ndiye kuti mumapeza madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi mu mankhwala, ndiye kuti, emulsion yosagwirizana. Itha kukhala yolimba kwambiri komanso yokhazikika ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri kutsimikiza powonjezera madzi ndikuyambitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imayikidwa limodzi ndi kulumikizidwa kwa chilichonse komanso aliyense wopopera mankhwala ndi ndemanga zogwirizana ndi zomwe makinawo amagwiritsa ntchito ndi akatswiri akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo kwa opanga opangidwawo. Kuopsa kwa mapangidwe a "emulsions" kukuyenera kukumbukiridwadi, popeza ma sapula osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zobwezeretsera akhoza kubweretsa zovuta zosasangalatsa.
Kupitiliza kukambirana pazambiri zomwe zimasintha kuchokera pakulowetsedwa kwa mawu, zosakanikirana zama tank zimayenera kukonzedwa motsatizana (monga lamulo, kuchokera ku zosungunuka zochepa kupita kuzisungunuko zambiri), monga momwe amalimbikitsira opanga, ndikuwonjezera mankhwala omwe aliwonse pambuyo pake atasungunuka kwathunthu. Mankhwalawo okha kapena njira yake yothetsera imakhala yodzaza ndi thanki yoyamba, koma osati madzi. Ndipo kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa "zodabwitsa" zomwe zili kale mu sprayer, ndikofunikira kuti muzifufuza mankhwala oyamba kuti azigwirizana (makamaka zikafika pazinthu zomwe amapanga mosiyanasiyana ndi ophatikizika omwe simukuwadziwa kale).
MALO OGULITSIRA
Timalingalira kuti poyambira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, njira zonse za sapota, kuyambira pampu, mapaipi, zosefera komanso mwachindunji kuzomera wopopera, zikuyenda bwino, kuthamanga kwa dongosolo kumatsimikizika pamlingo wofunikira, palibe chomwe chikuyenda, komanso kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi mumipu yopopera pa nthawi yoyeserera sikupitirira 10 %. Ngati mphuno zidatsukidwa ndi awl, zomangira kapena burashi yachitsulo ndipo imodzi ikhoza kungolota 10% kufalitsa ndi fayilo yunifolomu, ndiye kuti imasinthidwa ndi ma sapureta otha ntchito.
Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati mumanyalanyaza jakisoni? Kamodzi tidayankha mafunso kuchokera kwa kasitomala wokhudza kuphukira kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala a Lapis Lazuli pa barele wofesedwa mbatata. Tinafika pamalowo, ndipo mundawo unkawoneka kuti wazunguliridwa ndi chipeso chokhala ndi mano osawerengeka, ndipo mita iliyonse yokhala ndi mizere yaying'ono yooneka bwino ya nthaka yopanda mbande. Ndipo pafupi ndi pomwe pali "chosemedwa ndi manja" chopopera ndi magetsi am'munsi, chilichonse chimangotulutsa “mtambo” basi, komanso njira yothandiza. Zidapezeka kuti sapota iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa mbatata chimodzimodzi chaka chatha. Ndipo iye, inde, adadziwitsa zomwe zili metribuzin pachilichonse chazuchulukidwe nthawi zambiri kuposa malamulo onse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake balere adasandulika "woperewera".
Kusankha KWA ZINSINSI
Zikalata zolembetsira mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo nthawi zonse zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kwa madzi akumwa pahekita iliyonse ya mbewu yomwe yapatsidwa. Imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mankhwala, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komwe kuli chandamalepo pazowoneka kuti ndi zochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe ake, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha zozizwitsa zomwe zimachitika mu Russian Federation, kwa opanga ambiri ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, izi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchokera ku 200 l / ha. Ndipo pakukonzekera kulumikizana, amapilira ndi zochulukitsa zazikulu - 400 l / ha, ndipo kwa mbewu zazitali zamtunda zimatha kupitiliza 1000 l / ha.
Mulingo wakuyitanitsa umachokera ku kukula (kwa kukula) kwa chowaza, mtunda pakati pa zopopera pa boom, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya ISO yomwe ilipo, mawonekedwe a nozzle amadziwika kuti amatanthauza kutsika kwa mpweya m'magaloni a US pamphindi pa 40 psi opanikizika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti calibre 01 ndi kutuluka kwa mafuta okwanira 0,1 US (galoni imodzi imakhala ngati malita 3,785) pa bar 2,8. Kaliberi 02, 03 kapena 04 amatanthauza 0,2, 0,3, kapena 0,4 gpm pa 2,8 bar. Ma spikisi amtundu womwewo nthawi zambiri amawapaka utoto womwewo kuti athetse chisokonezo.
Koma zowerengera zonsezi ndi ma gallon-lb-inchi aku America sizifunikira kulowa mkati. Chifukwa choti zowerengera zofananira posankha ma nozzles zilipo pama foni a opanga ambiri opanga mankhwala ophera mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, mu foni yamakono "Augusta"), ma sprayer kapena ma sprayer, omwe amatha kutsitsidwa kuchokera ku Google Play ndi App Store. Ndipo mwa iwo chilichonse chitha kuwerengedwa malinga ndi ma kilomita, mita ndi malita omwe timazolowera. Popeza tapereka pulogalamu yotereyi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera hekitala iliyonse, mtunda pakati pa makina owaza ndi kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kake, timapeza mphuno.
Chofunikira pa atomizer ndi kukula kwa dontho lomwe limapangika. Ndikumbukireni mwachidule makalasi a droplet malinga ndi muyezo wa ISO 25358: VF / zabwino kwambiri - zabwino kwambiri; F / chabwino - chabwino; M / sing'anga - sing'anga; C / coarse - yayikulu; VC / coarse kwambiri - kwambiri; XC / Coarse kwambiri ndiopola kwambiri ndipo UC / Ultra coarse ndi coarse kopitilira muyeso. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwamasukuluwo (mpaka pano mu Chingerezi) kungapezeke mu bukhu latsopano la Lechler: www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/EN/lechler_agriculture_catalogue_2020_en.pdf.
Makhalidwe abwino, monga momwe tidalemba kale, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo - choyambirira, kutentha ndi chinyezi, komanso kuthamanga kwa mphepo. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu izi zimakhudza kupopera mphamvu kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mosiyanasiyana, kutengera mawonekedwe a mphuno (kukula kwa dontho lomwe amapangira) ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kuponyera pang'onopang'ono m'malo otentha kwambiri, kutentha pang'ono ndi mphepo zimayambitsa chokwanira chokwanira chokwanira, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri kukhudzana ndi kukonzekera kwadongosolo. Koma pamankhwala omwewo, koma pouma, kutentha ndi mphepo, madontho ang'onoang'ono atha kuyanika ndikuyamba kupita kumadera oyandikana, chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito malovu osakanikirana ndikofunikira m'malo oterowo (makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni jekeseni, amene amachepetsa chiopsezo cha madonthowo obwerera kumtunda ogwiridwayo) ... Tsopano kulowerera kwasanduka chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ma dontho osakwana ma maikuloni ang'onoang'ono ndi mazana asanu ndi awiri ali othinana kwathunthu, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti mbewu zapafupi. Mkati mwa nkhani yachiduleyi, sikungatheke kufotokozera mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafinya. Makhalidwe atsatanetsatane amizu yachilendo, kutengera kukula kwake (kuchuluka kwa kupopera kwake), mtundu wa kupopera komwe amapanga, kuchuluka kwa malovu, chiwopsezo cha kuyendetsa, kuyamwa kwadongosolo kapena kuthana ndi mankhwala, komanso malingaliro ofunikira kutalika kwa sipereti yopopera pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chikuthandizidwa, kutengera mtundu wa mawonekedwe mtunda pakati pa makina opezeka muzitsulo ndi zinthu zamakampani "Lechler" ndi "TeeJet". Izi zikuyenera kuyang'anidwa pamasamba www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/RU/lechler_agrar_broschuere_feldbau_ru.pdf и www.teejet.com/ru/spray_application/nozzles.aspx
Palinso mapulogalamu osankhira ziphuphu zomwe zimaganizira nyengo. Izi, mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya mafoni ya Jacto Smart Selector yochokera kwa m'modzi mwa atsogoleri apadziko lonse popanga ma sprayers - kampani ya Jacto, yopezekanso mu Google Play kapena App Store. Kuphatikiza nyengo, pulogalamuyi imaganiziranso mawonekedwe a mankhwala ophera tizilombo - herbicide / fungicide / tizirombo ndi zokhudza zonse / kukhudzana / dothi.
Ntchito inanso yosangalatsa yomwe idapangidwa ndi Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia imatchedwa "SnapCard" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-015-0309-y... Imawerengera chiyerekezo chapafupikidwe (chokhala ndi mayeso osiyana oyeserera, mwachitsanzo) kutengera nyengo nyengo ya ma calibers atatu (02, 03, 04) ndi mitundu inayi ya TeeJet nozzles - TT, TP, XK ndi AIXR. Pulogalamuyi imaperekanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito pepala losasamala ndi madzi: potenga chithunzi chake ndi foni ya smartphone, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi yankho lagwira ntchito.
Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zofufuza amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pepala losasamala ndi madzi kuyerekeza zowerengera ndi zotsatira zenizeni kuti adziwe kuti njira zaku Western Australia zikugwirizana bwanji ndi nyengo yakomweko.
Tiyeni tibwereze: zinthu zambiri zimakhudza kupopera kulikonse. Zina mwazomwe zimayenda ndikuyenda kwa njira yothandizira, mtundu wa nozzle (kupanikizika kwa ntchito, mawonekedwe a utsi, kukula kwa malovu ndi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe akuukira), mtunda pakati pa mphuno, ndi kutalika kwa boom. Kutentha, chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mphepo komanso kuthamanga kwa ma sprayer ndikofunikira. Zomwe zili zofunika ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamasamba, malo a chinthu chomwe chikuyang'aniridwapo, ngodya yokhazikitsidwa ndi nthaka pansi, zomwe anthu akuwazirirapo. Tisaiwale za kupsinjika, kukhumudwa pamtunda, kuwona kwa njira yothandizira, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi yomweyo zinthu zambiri zimagwira mosiyanasiyana, ndipo munjira zosiyanasiyana zoyeserera "sipita" mwina mkuphatikizika kwa mphamvu kapena minus. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yama tanki kungapangitse kuwonjezeka kwa ndende pakugwiritsa ntchito yankho la osati zogwira ntchito zokha, komanso ma sol sol ndi adjuvants, omwe angayambitse phytotoxicity.
KODI NTHAWI IMENEYO?
Kuyesa kambiri komwe kumachitika ndi mabungwe onse odziimira palokha komanso odalira pa opanga kapena ukadaulo kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nthawi zambiri samapereka yankho losatsutsika lomwe boma ndilabwino. Zambiri zimatengera nyengo yina, gawo kapena kukula kwa mbewu / udzu / tizilombo / kukula kwa matenda. Zotsatira zake, mu nyengo imodzi titha kuwona kusintha kwakukulu pakupopera mphamvu kwa 100 ndi 150 l / ha, ndipo inayo sitingathe kuwona kusiyana pakati pa 25 ndi 200 l / ha.
Kodi tinganenenji za zokumana nazo zaumodzi wazakuchita zakuthambo? Wina amakhala akugundana pakamwa kutsimikizira kuti mankhwala aliwonse amagwira bwino ntchito 25 l / ha (munthu wina wanzeru waku France ananena kuti nthawi zonse amachita izi), ndipo winayo ndi wodzipereka yemweyo amafotokoza nkhani ya momwe kutenthedwe ndi chilala adawotcha tirigu wozizira ndi siponji yaing'ono-malovu ndi chisakanizo chokonzekera chochokera pa 2,4-D, florasulam, propiconazole ndi cyproconazole ndi lambda-cyhalothrin. Ndipo zonse ziwiri zikhala zolondola, chifukwa izi ndi zomwe zimachitikira aliyense wogwirizidwa ndi pulogalamu inayake yazinthu zina, osati kuphunzira meta.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale zoyeserera zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuchokera pamalingaliro a njira yakudziwira zakumunda zimakhala ndi zovuta zina. Zimachitika pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, chifukwa chake musaganizire chinthu chofunikira monga nthawi yofunikira kukonzanso, ndikuyankha yankho la funso lomwe njira yopopera mbewu ili bwino pakadali pano komanso pamikhalidwe ina pamunda. Ndipo katswiri wa zaulimi yemwe samachita kafukufuku, koma amagwira ntchito munthawi yeniyeni - mavuto abungwe, nyengo "mawindo", kusowa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito makina ndi zida zoswa - pali chisankho chovuta. Zomwe zili bwino - poganizira zomwe zidalipo za opopera ndi momwe madzi amaperekera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi mulingo woyenera wogwiritsa ntchito malita 200 pa hekitala kapena m'masiku anayi kapena asanu pamlingo wa 100 l / ha? Kapena mwina mutha kukonza chilichonse m'masiku atatu ndikugwiritsa ntchito 50 l / ha? Inde, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kugwira ntchito moperewera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake, koma munthawi yake kuposa moyenera, koma mochedwa - kwa namsongole wokulirapo, magawo osatopa a tizilombo kapena gawo lina la matendawa ngakhale munthu wothandizira kwambiri sangachiritse ndi mankhwala othetseratu.
Zachidziwikire, malinga ndi malingaliro wamba, ngati muli ndi chopopera mankhwala mahekitala anu 10 - 15 - 30 - 50 (monga momwe zilili ndi alimi ku Europe), ndipo madziwo si olimba, amchere kapena odetsa, ndiye kuti mutha kugwira ntchito pamlingo wa 200 - 300 - 400 l / ha, ndipo ganizirani za masekondi (nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza) molunjika. Koma mukakhala ndi chopopera kamodzi mumatha mahekitala mazana (kapena ngakhale masauzande), ndiye kuti nthawiyo iyenera kuchitiridwa mwaulemu kwambiri.
MALANGIZO NDI ZOTHANDIZA
Ndi katundu wambiri pamapulitsire, kukakamira kupitirira malire a zolembetsedwa, titha kulangiza mwachidule izi. Zikakhala choncho zokhudza zonse herbicides (izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, sulfonylureas, florasulam, clopyralid, picloram), momwe mulingo wophimba ndikulowera mu gawo lochepa laudzu sizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kayendedwe kawo phloem, kenako kwa kuchuluka kwachulukidwe (mwachilengedwe, poganizira kuopsa kwa kuyendetsedwa), mutha kugwira ntchito ndi mitengo yochepetsedwa ya ntchito yothetsera. Ngakhale maudzu apakatikati pachaka okhala ndi vuto lalikulu lophimba pakumagwiritsa ntchito ma nozzles owuma adzawonongedwa ndi glyphosate bwino kuposa omwe ali pamwamba chifukwa cha malo ake apamwamba. Kukonzekera koteroko, mitengo yotsitsa mpaka 100 l / ha ndizovomerezeka. Ndipo ngati tikuwona momwe zinthu ziliri ndi kulembetsa kwa zinthuzi m'maiko momwe ma galoni ndi maekala amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi mtengo wofanana ndi mitengo ya pansi pa 50 l / ha.
Komabe, kutsitsa mitengo yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito kumafuna chisamaliro chachikulu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kupangika kulikonse kumapangidwira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwanjira ya emulsion kapena kuyimitsidwa pazinthu zina. Ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi zina, mutha kupeza emulsion wosakhazikika kapena kuyimitsidwa.
chifukwa anti-mbewu herbicides zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Masamba a mbewu monga chimanga nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi ofukula, kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala osanyowa kuposa masamba a mbewu zambiri zokhala dicotyledonous (si onse, kumene). Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pali chidziwitso chopambana chogwiritsa ntchito madzi othamanga kuti azigwira ntchito pakukonzekera phala, sizoyenera kuchepetsa kuthamanga pansi pa 100 l / ha.
Funso lina - herbicides nthaka... Nthawi zambiri pazomangirazo zimawonetsedwa kuti akuyenera kugwira ntchito kuti aphimbe nthaka, motero mitengo yokhayo yovomerezeka ndi yovomerezeka (tikukamba za malamulo omwe safuna kuti pakhale mankhwalawo mu dothi mutapopera). Koma apa, nazonso, zonse zimatengera mphamvu ya herpida kuti isunthe, pamenepa, osati mu chomera, koma m'nthaka. Ngati tirikunena za pendimethalin, ndiye kuti sichimayenda m'nthaka komanso pazotsalira pazomera - pomwe idagwa, idakhazikika pamenepo. Ndipo chloroacetamides (C-metolachlor, propisochlor, acetochlor) ndi triazines (prometrine, metribuzin, terbutylazine) ali ndi mayendedwe okwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake magwiritsidwe ntchito ambiri a njira yothetsera, yomwe amafunikira ndi pendimethalin, siofunikira kwa iwo.
Monga, monga Lumikizanani ndi herbicides (bentazone, desmedipham, phenmedipham), ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti iwo azitha kuwaza ndi kufunda kokwanira, komwe kumakwaniritsidwa makamaka ndi mitengo yayikulu yogwira ntchito ndi kupopera pang'ono kwa droplet.
chifukwa fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo Kuphunzira, pansi-tier ndi tsamba-mmbuyo ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa ma herbicides a systemic. Kufunika kwa mankhwalawa kumamveka kwa aliyense, komanso ndikofunikira kwa a systemic. Systemic fungicides ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala timadongosolo wamba (timatha kudutsa mu tsamba kapena kuyenda mbali yake, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kudzera mu gawo la vapor), kapena xylem-systemic (ma triazoles, strobilurins, othandizira dehydrogenase inhibitors), ndiye kuti, amatha kudutsa chomera chokha, kupita m'mwamba. Ndipo mosiyana ndi glyphosate, iwo, kamodzi pamtengo wam'mera wa chomera, sangathe kumapeto kwake kapena pamizu. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena fungicides yogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepera 100 l / ha. Ndipo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito osachepera otsika mtengo pokonzekera (ngati, zoona, zida zamakono ndi kupezeka kwa madzi ndikololedwa koyenera).
Pali nthawi zina pamene kuchuluka kwa yankho la ntchito kuyenera kuwonjezeka osati kuthana ndi omwe akumva zinthu kunja. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuchita izi ndikamalimbana ndi njenjete ya kabichi yomwe imakhala kumbuyo kwa tsamba loterera komanso lothinana la waxy.
Ndiponso - "chiphunzitsocho chawuma, mzanga, ndipo mtengo wa moyo ndiwobiliwira bwino." Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa fungicides, pamene matendawa "achoka" pakatikati pa makulidwe, amachepetsa kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi yodzikundikira chifukwa cha dzimbiri m'maso a chimanga, pansi pazabwino, zitha kukhala mkati mwa sabata limodzi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina muyenera kugwira ntchito osati moyenera (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito), koma pa nthawi, popeza kuchitira mankhwalawa masiku atatu kapena anayi m'mbuyomu kumakhala, monga momwe ophunzirawo ankanenera, "chachikulu".
Kuphatikiza apo, ma fungicides ena (mwachitsanzo, a systemic triazoles) akukhazikika pazomwe amagwira ntchito (komanso osakanikirana ndi ma herbicides, omwe siachilendo), makamaka akamaikidwa m'malovu akakhala kouma komanso kotentha (pamene dontho panjira yopita ku chandulo ili ndi nthawi yoti ipume ndipo idakali onjezani ndende) zitha kuwonetsa phytotoxicity. Izi, zimachitika, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe komanso kusasiyana kwamalingaliro, koma ngati mawonekedwe a phytotoxicity samachitika kawirikawiri pamipanda ndipo amangokhudza pang'ono zokolola, ndiye kuti pamasamba kapena mbatata "zowonongeka" zambiri zimakhala zowopsa.
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Wokonzekera Elena PosanaVA
chithunzi Wobwereketsa и Amazon
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