Zolemba: Maria Rozhkova
Kupanga udzu winawake ku Russia kukukulira
Mpaka posachedwa, udzu winawake wokhazikika ndi mizu ku Russia umakula kokha ndi anthu okhala mchilimwe. Panalibe tanthauzo linalake pakukonzekera kupanga mafakitale - zikadakhala zovuta kuti alimi ang'onoang'ono apirire mpikisano ndi opanga akunja. Koma, monga akunenera, sipadzakhala chisangalalo, koma tsoka lidathandizira: pro-embargo, yomwe idayambitsidwa poyankha ziletso zotsutsana ndi Russia, idadula zinthu zodyera udzu wochokera kumayiko ambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, alimi aku Russia adalabadira chikhalidwe chatsopanochi kwa iwo.
Zachidziwikire, Russia ikadali kutali ndi kuchuluka kwa mayiko omwe amapanga ma celery. Malinga ndi Andrey Ivashkin, katswiri wazitsamba ndi petiole udzu winawake komanso ma leek a kampaniyo "Raik Zwaan Rus", pakadali pano ku Russia pansi pazu ndi petiolate udzu winawake
sakhala mahekitala opitilira 300, pomwe ku Europe petiole yekha amalimidwa mahekitala 16 zikwi: mahekitala 4,6 ku Italy, mahekitala 3,1 zikwi ku France, mahekitala 2,1 zikwi ku Spain (zogulitsa kunja ku UK) ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 1,4 ku Germany . Petiole udzu winawake wotchuka kwambiri ku United States, China, Japan, Israel, ndi mayiko a Scandinavia.
Malo obzala a petiole ndi muzu udzu winawake:
Russia mahekitala 300
Italy mahekitala 4,6 zikwi
France 3,1 mahekitala zikwi
Spain 2,1 zikwi ha
Germany 1,4 zikwi ha
Mmodzi mwa oyamba ku Soviet Union kulima udzu winawake anali Vladimir Matusevich, mtsogoleri wa famu ya Maentak Matusevichy (Republic of Belarus, dera la Minsk). Adakhazikitsa bizinesi yake yabanja mu 1988. "Tinayamba kulima mbewu zonse zomwe sizinali zofala kwambiri kumadera omwe kale anali USSR omwe amadziwika kale ku West - udzu winawake (mizu ndi petiole), maekisi, mitundu yonse ya kabichi (Savoy, kolifulawa, broccoli, mphukira ku Brussels, kohlrabi) - zonse kudabwitsa ogula, akukumbukira Vladimir Matusevich. "Ndiye anthu amafunadi kuyesa ufulu ndi zina zothandizira." Poyamba, kufunika kwa zinthu zapaderadera kunali kothandiza kwambiri, kenako kunachepa pang'ono - anthu adatopa ndi chidwi ndikubwerera ku kabichi wawo wachikhalidwe, atero wamkulu wa famuyo.
"Maentak" Matusevichy "ndi mahekitala 20-30 okha. Mwa awa, osapitilira mahekitala 1,5-2 anali okhala pansi pa udzu winawake mzaka zosiyanasiyana. "M'mbuyomu, tidamera mizu yambiri ya udzu winawake, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa zovuta zidayamba kuchitika ndikukhazikitsa, chifukwa chake, ngati titabzala udzu winawake, umakhala wosakondera," akutero Vladimir Matusevich. Mlimiyo adanena kuti akudziwa m'modzi yekha wopanga udzu winawake kudera la Republic of Belarus. "Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa ndamva za ntchito zazikulu kwambiri ku Russia," adatero.
Kulimbikitsanso kulima mafakitale a udzu winawake ku Russia, ndithudi, zinali ziletso, Andrei Ivashkin amakhulupirira. “Chikhalidwe ichi chakhala chodziwika kale pakati pa anthu chifukwa chazinthu zabwino. Ndipo ngati udzu winawake wakale udalowetsedwa kunja, tsopano opanga alimi ochulukirachulukira amatulutsa m'minda yawo, - akutero. "Zisanakhazikike, mbewuyi idalimidwa ndi anthu okhala mchilimwe basi, kunalibe kugawa mafakitale." Ma acreage ambiri amakhala ndi udzu winawake wokhazikika mu Krasnodar Territory ndi Crimea, komanso muzu
imakula kwambiri ku Central Russia. Petiolate imakula kwambiri panja, koma ndizothekanso kumamera m'minda yosungira zobiriwira mu hydroponics.
Kupanga selari kumayamba kutchuka chaka chilichonse. "Chidwi chomwe chikukula pachikhalidwe chonga udzu winawake chimalumikizidwa ndi chizolowezi chofalikira, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia, yamoyo wathanzi (HLS), yomwe imaphatikizira mbewu zingapo zamasamba zotsika kwambiri m'zakudya, "atero a Sergey Kutko (Republic of Crimea; kulima masamba). "Kampani yathu ndiyo yomwe imapanga zitsamba zingapo zakuchiritsa, chifukwa chake nkhani yokhudza zaumoyo wa anthu siachilendo kwa ife."
Mutu wa famuyi Vladimir Parkhomenko akufotokoza kusankha kwa udzu winawake wambiri ngati imodzi mwazomera zazikulu za kampani ya Agroleto (Krasnodar Territory) chifukwa chofunidwa kwambiri ndi maunyolo aku supermarket, komanso zopempha zanthawi zonse kuchokera kwa omwe amagulitsa nawo malonda kuti apange mankhwalawa. Agroleto ndiye wamkulu kwambiri wopanga udzu winawake ku Russia. Vladimir Parkhomenko akuti: "Timalima ndikumaliza kugulitsa mbewu zingapo - ma radish, ma leek ndi udzu winawake wobisika." "Izi ndi mbewu zapakatikati, ngati zonse zichitika moyenera: kuyambira kusankha kosiyanasiyana kapena kosakanizidwa kotengera zomwe tikukula, kutsuka ndi kulongedza mankhwala, okonzeka kuikidwa pashelefu atazizidwa."
Chaka chilichonse olima ochulukirapo amayesa kulima udzu winawake m'minda yawo. Chifukwa chake, ku "Farmers Agrosoyuz" Kwa Dziko Lathu "(dera la Moscow; masaladi olima mahekitala 60, kabichi, udzu winawake, maekisi ndi mbewu zina kutchire) chaka chino adakula ndikututa mbewu yoyamba ya udzu winawake. Dera lonse lomwe linali pansi pa mizu ndi petiole udzu winawake linali mahekitala 4,2. "Timayesetsa kugwira ntchito ndi assortment momwe tingathere: ogula amafunikira mbewu zatsopano, tikuyesera kuzilima, - watero wamkulu wa zaulimi wa famuyo Sergey Korolev. - Monga pachikhalidwe chilichonse chatsopano, amawopa kuti sipakhala chidziwitso chokwanira. Komabe, chaka choyamba chinapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti tidakonda chikhalidwecho ndipo tikukonzekera kukulitsa malowa pansi pa udzu winawake chaka chamawa. "
Mbande ndiye maziko a chilichonse
Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga udzu winawake ndikumera mbande, chifukwa momwe mbewuyo imakulira kudzadalira mtundu wa zomwe zimabzalidwa, akukumbukira Andrey Ivashkin.
Vuto lalikulu ndikuti mbewu za udzu winawake ndizochepa kwambiri. "Pachifukwa chomwechi, ndizovuta kulima mbewuyi pofesa mwachindunji," akuchenjeza katswiri ku Rijk Tswaan Rus, "mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimamera pang'onopang'ono".
Kawirikawiri udzu winawake umakula nthawi zingapo: kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka kumatha kuchitika kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka Julayi. Izi ndizo zomwe Maentak Matusevichy amachita. "Timabzala udzu winawake m'magawo atatu: timabzala mbeu yoyamba ya mbande mu Marichi, wachiwiri -
koyambirira kwa Epulo, ndipo wachitatu - kumapeto kwa Epulo, - adagawana wamkulu wa famuyo Vladimir Matusevich. "Izi zimatilola kukolola udzu winawake ku Belarus mpaka pakati pa Okutobala."
... izi chikhalidwe ndi chovuta kukula pobzala mwachindunji, zazing'ono
mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono
Andrey Ivashkin anati: "Malingaliro olima ndi mbande ndiosavuta komanso osavuta." "Poyamba, mbande zimakula: zimafesedwa m'mabokosi, kenako zimadumphira m'makaseti kapena makapu, kenako zimabzalidwa panja." Mbewu za mbande nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa pa Marichi 1, mbande zimawonekera tsiku la 10. Masiku asanu ndi awiri oyambirira izi zitachitika, m'pofunika kutentha kwa 7-14 ° C kuti mbande zisatambasuke.
"Kuyambira pa Marichi 17, mutha kutentha masana kukhala 21 ° C, ndipo usiku - mpaka 15 ° C," akupitiliza. - Kwenikweni, nthawi yonseyi, mabokosi okhala ndi mbande ali m'mafilimu obiriwira, monga ulamuliro, usavutike. Ndipo pa Epulo 1, masamba awiri enieni akawonekera, amaikidwa m'makaseti kapena makapu ndi peat. " Amayamba kuumitsa mbande panja pafupifupi kuyambira pa Meyi 2, ndi pa 5, pomwe mbewu zimakhala ndi masiku 10-70 ndipo ali ndi masamba 80-4 owona, amabzala kale m'munda. Magawo awa ndi mawuwa amakhala ofanana ndi onse odulidwa komanso mizu ya udzu winawake.
Katswiri "Raik Tswaan Rus" akuwonetsa kuti mbande zopangidwa bwino ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamakaseti. Mbande zimabzalidwa pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokuzira. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tisamazamitse chomeracho kuti chisakule, atero Andrey Ivashkin. Nthawi zambiri, 1 mpaka 65 110 yazomera za udzu winawake wobzalidwa zimabzalidwa pa hekitala iliyonse (kutengera nthaka ndi nyengo, kupezeka
ukadaulo woyenera ndi zosowa zamsika).
"Mbande za udzu winawake wapamwamba kwambiri sizimodzi chabe zofunika kwambiri, koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza zinthu zabwino zogulitsidwa panthawi yokolola," akuumiriza a Santiago Gaston, katswiri wa udzu winawake ku Rijk Zwaan Iberica. - Spain ndiye yotulutsa yayikulu kwambiri
udzu winawake wambiri udzu wozizira-masika ndikupereka zogulitsa kumisika yambiri yaku Europe - Germany, France, ndi kumpoto kwa Europe. Ku Spain, mbande za udzu winawake zimakula ndi mbewu zapadera zotentha. Mlimi amalandira chomera cholimba, chokonzeka-kubzala chokwanira (masiku 55-65 a zomera). Timagwira ntchito yokhayokha ndi nthangala za udzu winawake zolondola. Mbeu zotere zimera mwachangu komanso mwamtendere mu dipatimenti ya mmera, zomwe zimapulumutsa kwambiri nthawi yopezera mbande zabwino kwambiri. "
Dera la udzu winawake limakonzedweratu kuti pasakhale namsongole. Omwe adalipo kale - mbewu zomwe feteleza adagwiritsidwa ntchito - ndi kabichi. Mutabzala mbande m'munda, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera, ngati kuli kofunikira. Nyengo yokula ya mbewuyi ndi masiku 140-180 (kuyambira kumera), ndipo zokolola zambiri za petiole udzu winawake ndi 40-70 t / ha. Komanso, pazipita
Zokolola zinalembedwa ku USA - 96 t / ha.
Udzu winawake umakololedwa mapesi ake atakhala olimba, opanda kanthu. Komabe, muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yochotsa ulusiwo usanakhale wolimba komanso wowuma. Mphukira imadulidwa ndi dzanja ndi mpeni wapadera, kuwalekanitsa ndi kolala yazu panthaka. Masamba apamwamba amathanso kufupikitsidwa. Pogulitsa mpaka kumapeto kasitomala, udzu winawake wambiri udulidwa ndi petiole kutalika kwa masentimita 27-35 ndi kulemera kwa 150 mpaka 800 g Asanagulitse, mbewu zimatsukidwa
kuchokera pazowombera zosafunikira. Kukonza malonda kumakhala kuchotsa masamba ndi petioles osapsa, kukula, kulongedza ndikuwayika muzipinda za mufiriji kuti ziziziziritsa pakatentha ka 0 ° C komanso chinyezi chochepa cha 98%. Mumapangidwe apadera okhala ndi zotumphukira, izi zimatha kusungidwa pansi pazomwe zatsimikizika kwa masabata 3-4.
Mukamakolola muzu wa udzu winawake, nsongazo zimadulidwa koyamba, kenako muzu womwewo umalowetsedwa (izi zitha kuchitika pamakina). Andrey Ivashkin anati: "Kenako muzu umautsuka ndikuuika mu chidebe, chomwe chimasungidwa." "Ndikwabwino kusunga udzu winawake wa mizu ndi mizu yoyandikira kuti matenda asafike kumalo odulidwayo, ndipo asanatumize kasitomala ayenera kutsukidwa, kuchotsedwa ndi mizu yotsatira ndikuipukuta, ngati kuli kofunikira."
Kufunda ndi chinyezi
Nthaka ndi nyengo zimachita gawo lofunikira pakulima udzu winawake. Andrey Ivashkin anati: “Nthaka yoyenera kulima ndi yomwe ili ndi chinyezi chabwino. "Nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira kwama drip kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumwera." Mwa njira, mukamakula pakudontha
dothi lamchenga loyera ndiloyeneranso kuthirira. Selari imawonetsanso zokolola zabwino pamitengo yolimba, yolimba komanso dothi lamchenga. Nthaka zowirira zodzaza madzi sizoyenera chikhalidwe ichi, amachenjeza katswiri wochokera ku Raik Tswaan Rus.
Malinga ndi zomwe a Sergey Korolev, ndi malo abwino okhawo osawotcha omwe ali oyenera kulima udzu winawake, pomwe madzi apansi amakhala akuya mokwanira. Malinga ndi katswiri wamkulu wa zaulimi wa "Mlimi Agrosoyuz" Kwa Amayi ", chikhalidwe ndi chovuta kwambiri chifukwa
zomwe sizimakonda kutentha kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kuthirira mosalekeza koyambirira, makamaka mutabzala. "Pa udzu winawake, timagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira ndikuthirira," adatero.
Katswiri wa Celery "Raik Zwaan Iberica" -
Santiago Gaston de Iriarte Dupui de Lome
"Selari ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kwambiri chinyezi," akutero a Sergey
Kutko wochokera ku Phytosovkhoz Raduga. "Kwa ena, makamaka masiku otentha mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kunafika pa 250-300 m3 ya madzi pa hekitala, ndipo nyengo yonse yokulira tidagwiritsa ntchito madzi pafupifupi 6-6,5 zikwi m3 pa hekitala." Famuyo imagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kwapamwamba ndi zopopera zakutsogolo kuchokera ku TL wopanga waku America. "Timakhulupirira kuti polima udzu winawake kum'mwera, ndikofunikira makamaka osati kungopatsa chinyezi chinyezi chokwanira, komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mlengalenga - izi zimathandizira pakupanga petiole, kusapezeka za kudzikweza komanso zolimba, "akufotokoza motero CEO wa kampaniyo.
Chikhalidwechi chimakhala chovuta kwambiri paulamuliro wa kutentha, akupitiliza Andrey Ivashkin. "Celery imatha kuponyera mphukira pakatentha kotsika 10 ° C kapena, motsutsana, ndikutentha kwakukulu, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwunika kutentha," amachenjeza. "M'nyengo yozizira, udzu winawake umaloleza chisanu osachepera -4 ° C. Kutentha kokwanira kwa kukula kumachokera pa 17 mpaka 24 ° C." Kuphatikiza apo, ku Krasnodar Territory, komwe kutentha kwam'chilimwe kumawonekera bwino, mbewuyi imakula bwino.
Selari imakonda chonde
nthaka ili ndi loam ndi humus wabwino. Otsatira akale kwa iye ndi nkhaka ndi ena
zikhalidwe zomwe amathandizira
zachilengedwe
Selari imakhalanso yovuta pakudya. Komabe, asanasankhe chakudya, katswiri wa kampaniyo "Raik Zwaan Rus" amalimbikitsa kuti azisanthula nthaka kuti adziwe zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafamu iliyonse. Ndi chizolowezi kupanga koyamba tsiku la 20 mutabzala mbande, Andrey Ivashkin akuti. Selari imafunika nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi calcium, komanso zofufuza. "Bzalani
palokha imasonyeza kusowa kwa zinthu zakuthambo ndi michere. Chifukwa chake, ngati muwona mdima pakati pakati pa petioles, ndiye kuti calcium ilibe yokwanira. Mdima wakuda, kuyanika kwa tsamba laling'ono kwambiri pakatikati pa chomeracho chimawonetseranso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa boron. Kuphatikiza apo, titha kukambirana zakusowa kwa boron ngati utoto wofiirira ukuwonekera pakadulidwa ka muzu (pambuyo pake
voids amapangidwa m'malo mwake), "akufotokoza. "Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino yopezera zakudya potengera zotsatira za kusanthula nthaka ndi chidziwitso pamlingo wokonzedwa wa zokolola ndi kuchotsa zakudya," akutero mwachidule Vladimir Parkhomenko waku Agroleto.
Manyowa akuluakulu onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku "Maentak" Matusevichy "pansi pa udzu winawake ndi mbewu zobiriwira: nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. "Timavala masamba ndi boron, timathira feteleza ophatikizana," watero wamkulu wa famuyo. - Timachitanso zodzitetezera - timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akupha tisanadzale mbande. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafamu ndi fungicides - mpaka gawo 6
masamba. "Zachidziwikire, pali mavuto ndi matenda, motero chithandizo ndi chofunikira," Vladimir Matusevich akukhulupirira.
Njira imodzi yotetezera udzu winawake ku matenda ndi tizirombo ndiyo kusinthasintha mbewu. Malinga ndi Andrey Ivashkin, potero, udzu winawake uyenera kubwezedwa kumalo omwewo mzaka 3-4.
Popeza udzu winawake umayimira banja la ambulera, lomwe limaphatikizaponso kaloti, katsabola, parsley, parsnips, mubzalani mbewu izi motsatana
ndizosatheka. "Selari imakonda dothi lachonde - loams ndi humus wabwino," Vladimir Matusevich amagawana zomwe adakumana nazo. - Olamulira oyamba ake ndi nkhaka
ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi organic. Nthawi zambiri timabzala pambuyo pa kabichi, pomwe timayika manyowa nthawi zonse. " Kusinthasintha kwa mbeu ku Maentak Matusevichy ndikosavuta: "Tili ndi mahekitala 20 a malo athu olimapo, timabwereka mahekitala ena 10. Chifukwa chake, mayiko onse adagawika bwino magawo atatu ofanana: pamodzi timabzala tirigu, winayo - kabichi, ndipo lachitatu - mbewu zobiriwira (udzu winawake, parsley, katsabola, sipinachi). Ndipo chaka chamawa, mmalo mwa tirigu, timabzala kabichi, m'malo kabichi - wobiriwira, ndipo m'malo mwa wobiriwira - tirigu, "watero mkulu wa famuyo.
A Sergey Korolev amalankhulanso zakufunika kosinthana zikhalidwe. "Tili ndi famu yaying'ono - mahekitala 120 okha, chifukwa chake sizingatheke kupanga kasinthidwe wobzala mbewu zonse - malowa saloleza," akudandaula katswiri wamkulu wa zaulimi ku Agrosoyuz For Motherland. - Timachita
Kasinthasintha wa mbeu kuti achepetse mavuto amatenda. " Famuyo sikukula kaloti ndi ma ambulera ena, chifukwa chake, palibe chowopseza kufalitsa matenda a cercosporosis, downy mildew ndi powdery mildew pakati pa mbewu zogwirizana. Komabe, pali bacteriosis m'minda, ndipo sizinatheke kuthetsa vutoli, adandaula motero Sergey Korolev. "Inde, pali miliri," akutero. - Ndizowona kuti tithane nawo kuti akatswiri-agronomists amafunikira "
Andrey Ivashkin ali wotsimikiza kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira matenda komanso tizilombo ndikuteteza. Mwachitsanzo, kulima mitundu yolimbana ndi hybrids. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukonzekera mwapadera zikhalidwe zam'mbuyomu. Mwa njira, pa udzu winawake amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka iwo
kukonzekera komweko monga kaloti kuvomerezedwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito mdera la Russia.
Amakhulupirira kuti nkhawa yayikulu ya katswiri wa zaulimi akamakula udzu winawake ndikuwongolera tizirombo monga njenjete ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mutha kulimbana nawo mothandizidwa ndi tizirombo kapena njira zachilengedwe - ma entomophages kapena kukonzekera kwapadera. Mwachizolowezi, udzu winawake umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda kuposa tizirombo. Matenda ofala kwambiri pachikhalidwechi ndi septoria (amakhudza mbande zofooka), cercospora, sclerotinia, rhizoctoniasis, ndi fusarium. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, phytoplasmic aster yellowing (Chingerezi: Aster Yellows (Phytoplasma), yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyamwa, makamaka ndi tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi lowonetsa masamba), yawononga kwambiri chikhalidwe cha udzu winawake wambiri. madera akumwera a Russia, makamaka koyambirira - mkatikati mwa chilimwe,
Pambuyo pokolola mbewu zambewu yozizira, tizilombo tomwe tili ndi kachilombo tikamafunafuna fodya timasamukira ku mbewu zamasamba, komwe matenda amafalikira. Kawirikawiri, m'pofunika kusamala kwambiri kuteteza udzu winawake ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kuti tipeze mpikisano wabwino kwambiri potuluka, atero Andrey Ivashkin.
Mudzabzala chiyani
Pofika kumapeto kwa 2018, mitundu 30 yamasamba ndi petiole ndi mitundu 31 ya mizu ya udzu winawake idaphatikizidwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements yomwe idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russia. Izi makamaka ndi mitundu yaku Dutch ndi Russian. Nthawi yomweyo, kaundula amasinthidwa nthawi zonse ndi mitundu yatsopano ndi hybrids.
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yosakanikirana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina yazachuma kuyenera kuperekedwa mwapadera, Andrey Ivashkin akhulupirira. Zina mwazofunikira pamitundu ndi ma hybridi a udzu winawake wambiri, amatcha kukana matenda ndi maluwa, ulusi wochepa (izi ndizofunikira kuti mapesi asakhale okhwima komanso owuma). Mwa njira, ogula amakonda makamaka mafuta obiriwira obiriwira, owutsa mudyo komanso owuma.
Andrey Ivashkin akunena kuti mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma Dutch ndi yotchuka kwambiri mwa omwe amapanga ulimi. "Pali zifukwa zingapo zochitira izi: ali ndi zokolola zochuluka, amalimbana ndi matenda ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yakupsa," adalemba. - Ndipo china chokongola mbali ya Dutch mitundu ndi hybrids - ochepa mbali mphukira kapena kwawo kwathunthu ndi kukana chokhwima nyengo.
Tiyenera kusamala ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera mwapadera ndi kamwana kosadzuka - koyambirira, katswiriyu akutero. Amamera mofulumira - kale pa tsiku la 4 nthawi zina. Zowona, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusungira zinthu (ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kosapitirira 5 ° C) ndipo zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali - kuyambira miyezi 3 mpaka 6. Andrey Ivashkin akufotokoza kuti: "Nthawi zambiri amagulidwa ndi alimi akuluakulu, chifukwa amatsimikiziridwa kuti azituluka mwachangu komanso mofananira, zomwe zimadzetsa chinthu chimodzi." "Omwe ali ndi madera akuluakulu nthawi zambiri safuna kutenga zoopsa, chifukwa chake ali ofunitsitsa kugula mbewu zotsimikizika." Katswiriyu akukumbutsa kuti, malinga ndi zikhalidwe, kameredwe kamene kamayenera kukhala pamwamba pa 70%, pomwe mitundu ya Dutch ndi hybrids chiwerengerochi nthawi zambiri chimakhala 90-95%.
Mulimonsemo, opanga zaulimi ayenera kusankha mitundu ndi zitsamba zomwe zalowa m'kaundula kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika, katswiri akumaliza.
Pezani wogula wanu
Pakulima kulikonse, chofunikira ndikulima kwa zinthu zabwino komanso kapangidwe kake. Malinga ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika, sipanakhale mavuto ndi kutsatsa udzu winawake m'zaka zaposachedwa. "Tapeza ogula pazinthu zonse zopangidwa," adatero wamkulu wa zaulimi wa Farmer Agrosoyuz Za Rodinu. "Kututa kwathu koyamba kuchokera mahekitala anayi kunali pafupifupi matani 4." Famuyo siigwira ntchito ndi maunyolo mwachindunji - voliyumu yonse imagulitsidwa kwa ogulitsa. "Ena mwa makasitomala athu amagwira ntchito ndi malo ogulitsira, ena ali ndi malo odyera," akutero a Sergey Korolev. "Sitingagwire ntchito molunjika ndi ma netiweki, popeza famu yathu yaying'ono siyokonzeka kupereka zinthu."
Ku Republic of Belarus, kukhazikitsa kwake kuli kofanana. Vladimir Matusevich anati: “Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, tinagulitsa zinthu zathu pamsika. "Ndipo tsopano tikugwira ntchito ndi wogulitsanso malonda amene amagula zopangira zathu kwa ife, ndipo nthawi yachisanu amatipatsanso zomwezo kuchokera kunja." Mlimi amakhulupirira kuti ngati wopangayo apeza msika, ndiye kuti kulima udzu winawake ndikofunikira. "Timagulitsa zinthu zathu pamtengo wapakati $ 0,5-1 pa kilogalamu," Vladimir Matusevich akukhutira. "Koma kwa ine gawo lazachuma silofunika kwenikweni: Ndimakhutira ndikulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri," akumaliza.
Andrey Ivashkin ali wotsimikiza kuti kutchuka kwa udzu winawake pakati pa ogula kumangokulira. "Moyo wathanzi ndiwodziwika bwino, ndipo udzu winawake ndi imodzi mwazakudya zabwino kwambiri pafupifupi muzakudya zonse," akutero. - Chikhalidwe ichi chili ndi zinthu zingapo zothandiza, chili ndi mavitamini ambiri, mchere wamchere, mafuta ofunikira, ma phytoncides. " Ngakhale thanzi ndi kukongola zili ponseponse, udzu winawake udzagulidwa, katswiri sakayika.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi molondola, poganizira mitengo yomwe ikupezeka pamsika, potengera zokolola za 40-70 t / ha ndipo chifukwa chakukula kosalekeza kwa maunyolo ogulitsa, titha kudalira phindu Za udzu winawake wambiri pamlingo wa 50-100%, pamizu - pamlingo wa 30-70%, akumaliza mwachidule Andrey Ivashkin