Ludmila Dulskaya
Mu Ogasiti 2021, gawo loyamba la chikalata choyembekezeredwa kwambiri cha nyengo, Lipoti la Sixth Assessment la UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC/IPCC), linasindikizidwa. Olembawo anafotokoza za kusasinthika kwa kutentha kwa dziko. Gawo lachiwiri la lipotilo, lofalitsidwa pa February 28, 2022, linali lopanda chiyembekezo: chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu ndikuti kusintha kwa anthu sikunayendebe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kugonjetsa malire a 1,5 digiri Celsius poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya mafakitale isanayambe kuopseza ndi kusintha kosasinthika kwa chilengedwe chapadziko lapansi.
Tidzakambirana zotsatira za zachuma za kutentha kwa dziko ndi Evgenia Viktorovna Serova, katswiri wa zachuma waulimi, mtsogoleri wa ndondomeko yaulimi ku Institute of Agricultural Research ku National Research University Higher School of Economics.
- Kusintha kwanyengo kukuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikukhudza Russia mwachindunji. Agro-industrial complex mdziko muno akumana ndi zovuta zingapo. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa kutentha kwa data yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa kumayiko onse padziko lapansi pazaka 50 zapitazi (kuyambira 1961 mpaka 2021) ndikuperekedwa mu lipoti la Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations (FAO), kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha. inalembedwa ku Russia. M'malo achiwiri ndi achitatu ndi Belarus ndi mayiko a Baltic.
M'zaka 10 zikubwerazi, mvula ikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ku Russia - mvula idzabwera nthawi zambiri ndikukhala yowonjezereka, zomwe zidzadzetsa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuthirira nthaka. Zaulimi, zinthu izi ndi zachisoni.
Tikuyembekezera kukwera kwa nyanja yapadziko lonse lapansi, kusefukira kwa salinization ndi kusefukira kwa madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja - komwe ulimi udatha kuchitidwa kale, sikungatheke kuchita. Masoka achilengedwe, chilala ndi mphepo yamkuntho zimanenedweratu kuti zidzawonjezeka. Zonsezi zidzakhudzanso ulimi osati mwa njira yabwino.
Ku Russia, izi zitha kuyambitsa kusintha kwaulimi kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. M'madera ambiri kumene nyengo yolima inali yochepa kwambiri, zidzakhala zotheka kupanga zinthu zaulimi. Kumbali ina, m'madera achikhalidwe chaulimi (Kuban, Volga dera), nyengo yopangira zinthu idzaipiraipira. Chilala chachuluka kale kuno.
Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo
Chilimwe cha 2021 chinali chotentha m'madera ambiri a Russia. Siberia, Urals, ndi dera la Volga zinavutika ndi chilalacho. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'madera mwachizolowezi otentha (Stavropol Territory, Crimea), M'malo mwake, panali yaitali mvula. Ngozi zanyengo zinasokoneza kwambiri zokolola. Potsutsana ndi izi, akatswiri ambiri amakampani amawona kuti kusintha kwa m'mphepete mwa mafakitale a agro-industrial m'madera akuluakulu a Russia, omwe ankayembekezeredwa zaka zitatu kapena zisanu, zikuchitika kale.
Akuganiza kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, nyengo yabwino idzayamba ku Western Siberia (pamenepa, kumwera kwa dera la Tyumen kungakhale dera lodalirika kwambiri pazaulimi) ndi kumwera kwa Far East.
Kodi izi zidzatsogolera ku chiyani m'tsogolomu?
- M'madera achikhalidwe chaulimi, malo opangira zinthu adapangidwa, pali antchito, misika yogulitsa ili pafupi, akupitiriza Evgeniya Viktorovna. - Kumpoto chakum'mawa, zomangamanga ziyenera kupangidwanso, zimakhala zovuta kupeza ogwira ntchito kumeneko, komanso, mtunda wopita kumisika, kunyumba ndi kunja, ndi wautali kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwazinthu izi kudzathandizira, ceteris paribus, kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wazopanga zonse komanso zomaliza. Kuonjezera apo, mtunda wautali wokwera udzatanthauza kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha utuluke pagawo lililonse, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti nyengo isinthe.
Mpaka pano, palibe umboni womveka bwino womwe ukuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo kumadera a mbatata. Koma ngakhale izi zitachitika, palibe chiyembekezo. Kale lero pali matekinoloje omwe amalola kupanga kosatha: kubwezeretsa nthaka, kusankha, ulimi wolondola. Tekinoloje zotere zimafuna ndalama zambiri zanthawi imodzi, koma pamapeto pake zimachepetsa ndalama zamagulu.
Pansi pa zomwe zikuchitika pano, kukwezedwa bwino kwa matekinoloje otere kungalepheretsedwe ndi zilango.
Kodi pali njira yotulukira?
Yevgenia Serova anati: “Nthawi zambiri palibe zilango zimene zimaperekedwa pogulitsira zakudya, koma makampani pawokha atha kusankha zochita malinga ndi maganizo awo. Pamenepa, tikhoza kutaya chakudya chamtengo wapatali cha mbewu zopangira mbatata ndi kuteteza. Zidzatenga nthawi komanso ogwira ntchito kuti akhazikitse zopanga zathu.
Lingaliro langa ndikuti mavuto onse okhudzana ndi kutentha kwa dziko ndi otheka. Mwamunayo amadziwa mmene angathetsere mavuto amenewa. M'mikhalidwe yomwe ikuyandikira, mphamvu ya sayansi yaulimi ikuwonjezeka nthawi zambiri. Dziko likufunika matekinoloje atsopano, chitukuko cha agroscience, ubale wapadziko lonse. Ndipo vuto lalikulu tsopano si kwambiri nyengo monga kudzipatula kwa dziko. Ukadaulo wapamwamba, ulimi wolondola uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aliyense amene akufuna kukhala ndi moyo paulimi. Ukadaulo umapatsa opanga zaulimi kudziyimira pawokha kutengera nyengo ndi kusintha kwanyengo. Palibe njira zina.
Lipoti lomaliza kapena kaphatikizidwe la IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle, lomwe lidzabweretsa pamodzi zolowa kuchokera kumagulu atatu ogwira ntchito, komanso malipoti apadera ochokera ku 1,5 ° C Global Warming, Climate Change ndi Land, Ocean ndi Cryosphere pansi pa kusintha kwa nyengo" lofalitsidwa pa Seputembara 1, 2022. Pazosankha zomwe akatswiri azanyengo adzafika nazo pakadali pano, tifotokozeranso zambiri.
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