Malo: 1 sq. M. km
Anthu: Anthu 3, omwe 723% ndiomwe amakhala m'mizinda.
Malo: Dera la Tyumen lili ku Western Siberia. Malire: kumwera - ndi Kazakhstan, kumwera chakumadzulo - ndi dera la Kurgan, kumadzulo - ndi dera la Sverdlovsk, kumpoto - ndi Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, kum'mawa - ndi madera a Tomsk ndi Omsk.
Nyengo: mozungulira kontinentiyo, ndi kutentha kotsika kwa mpweya m'nyengo yozizira, mphepo yamkuntho ndi chinyezi chochuluka mchilimwe Zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndizakutali kochokera kunyanja ya Atlantic, komwe kuli zigwa, zotseguka kuti mpweya wolowera ku Arctic ndi mpweya wofunda wochokera ku Central Asia.
Kutentha kwapakati pa Januwale ndi -29 ° C, Julayi: + 18 ° C. Pakatikati mwa chigawo, kutentha kwa Januwale ndi: -23 ° С, Julayi: + 16-18 ° С; kumwera -19-17 ° C mu Januware, + 19 ° C mu Julayi. Kukhazikika kumagwa kuchokera 200 mpaka 600 mm pachaka.
Permafrost ndiofalikira kumpoto. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 50-162.
Mpumulo: Dera limakhala m'chigawo chachikulu cha West Siberian. Kumadzulo, mkati mwa dera, kuli malo otsetsereka a Kumpoto, Subpolar (kutalika kwa 1895 m, Mount Narodnaya) ndi Polar Urals. Gawo lodziwikirali ndi lochititsa chidwi kwambiri, lomwe lili ndi nyanja zambiri.
Nthaka: zotchuka kwambiri m'derali ndizopanda pang'ono; nkhalango imvi yamchere; nkhaka yakuda yamtchire; dambo lamadzi osefukira; meadow-chernozem osungika; dambo-marsh.
Mwambiri, dera limadziwika ndi kusintha kwamitundu yambiri munthaka yochepa malo. Izi zimatchulidwa kwambiri ku nkhalango-steppe zone.
Chofunikira kwambiri m'nthaka ya nkhalango m'chigawo cha Tyumen ndi mchere. Dothi la zonal chernozem limaphatikizapo dambo solonetzes, sod solonetzes, meadow solonchaks, meadow-bog dothi, ndi zina. Gawo la dothi ili munyumba limatha kufikira 30-50%. Nthaka za mitsinje yamadzi osefukira ndizovutanso. Nthaka za chigumula zili ponseponse - dambo, malo odyetsera komanso dambo lokhalitsa.
Malo azaulimi: 2 920,7 thous. Ha.
Dera la Tyumen limadziwika ndi nyengo yovuta, koma nthawi yomweyo, zimatha kukula bwino mbatata ndikuwapatsa chakudya chonse anthu am'derali.
Kupanga mbatata m'derali kumachitika ndi mabizinesi azilimo 97. Amalandira pafupifupi 40% yazinthu zonse zomwe zimalimidwa mchigawochi. Kukolola kwakatundu kwa mbatata m'gawo la mafakitale kumaposa matani 200.
Chifukwa chake, mu 2018, mahekala 8 923 a mbatata adabzalidwa, matani 238,9 a zokolola zazikulu zonse adapeza ndi zokolola 268 ha.
Mwachiyerekezo: mu 2017, malo omwe adalimo anali pamtunda wa mahekita 8,7, matani 231,4 adakololedwa ndi zokolola wamba 262,7 kg / ha. Mu 2016, mbatata zomwe zinali m'mafakitale zidalimidwa pa mahekitala 9,6, kukolola kwakukulu kunakwana matani 185,1, zokolola wamba: 194 kg / ha.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri m'derali ndi iyi: Rosara, Red Scarlett, Gala, Evolution, Impala, Tuleevsky, Brook, ndi zina zambiri.
Opanga mbatata zazikulu kwambiri m'derali ndi Agrofirm KRiMM LLC, Peasant Farm Druzhba LLC, Yasen-Agro LLC. Onsewa amagwira ntchito molingana ndi njira zamakono zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimaloleza kupeza zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri mu Urals Federal District.
Mu 2019, opanga zaulimi a Tyumen adabzala mbatata pamalo pafupifupi mahekitala 8. Madera akulu kulima: Armizonsky, Nizhnetavdinsky, Tyumensky, Uporovsky, Yurginsky, Yalutorovsky, Yarkovsky, komanso zigawo zamatawuni za Golyshmanovsky ndi Zavodoukovsky. Kukolola kunayamba m'masiku khumi oyamba a Ogasiti (pomwe nkhaniyi idakonzedwa - 600/6.08.19/40 - mbatata zidakololedwa kuchokera mahekitala 374. Ndi zokolola za okwana XNUMX pa hekitala, zokolola zake zonse zinali pafupifupi matani chikwi chimodzi ndi theka).
Mbewu zomwe zimagulitsidwazo zimagulitsidwa m'derali (chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matani 130-135 zikwi zikwi zikufunika), komanso zimaperekedwa kwa oyandikana nawo (ku Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, ku zigawo za Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Chelyabinsk ndi Sverdlovsk). Katundu wogulitsa kunja ku Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan ndi Uzbekistan amachitidwanso.
KUTHA KWA PATATO
Potenga nawo gawo la ndalama zam'madera, zigawo zingapo za mbatata zidakhazikitsidwa m'derali, zokhala ndi njira zamakono zozikonzera zokha. Zomwe zimachitika komanso zamaukadaulo zamakampani omwe amagwira ntchito yolima ndi kusunga mbatata zidakhala zamakono. Makina azilimo omwe alipo ndi mathirakitara adalowedwa m'malo ndi odalirika komanso ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamanja kumachepetsedwa.
Thandizo la mbatata mchigawochi limachitidwanso monga njira yolipirira ndalama zogulira zofunikira zantchito, komanso chindapusa pazigawo zodulira mitengo yachilengedwe yothandiza kubzala mbatata.
Kusankha ndi KUGWIRA
Kubzala mbatata m'derali kumachitika ndi asayansi ochokera ku GAU yaku Northern Trans-Urals ndi Science Science Institute of Agricultural Science of the Northern Trans-Urals. Pamndandanda wazomwe zachitika posachedwapa, munthu angathe kudziwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidatchulidwa ndi Scout Nikolai Kuznetsov, wopangidwa mu 2016 ndi obereketsa aku yunivesite yaulimi. Mbatata iyi imasinthidwa bwino mikhalidwe ya ku Siberia ndipo imapereka zokolola zabwino zonse mu nyengo yachilala komanso munthawi yamadzi; Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi matenda ambiri, zimayimiriridwa ndi kukoma kwake kwabwino ndipo sizichita khungu pambuyo poyeretsa, ngakhale zosaphika kapena zophika.
Agrarian University ili ndi labotale yopangira mbatata. Kuyambira 2018, akatswiri ake akhala akutenga nawo gawo pulojekiti yathunthu ya sayansi ndi ukadaulo: "Kuswana, kupanga mbewu ndikukonzekera mitundu yampikisano ya mbatata mdera la Tyumen" limodzi ndi kasitomala wa ntchitoyi - LLC "Agrofirma KRiMM". Masiku ano, omwe akutenga nawo gawo pano ali ndi ntchito yopanga ndi kubweretsa kumsika mitundu iwiri yatsopano yamasamba mbatata. Ntchitoyi idzamalizidwa mpaka 2025.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti aka sichinthu choyamba kuchita nawo kuswana kwa kampani yaulimi "KRiMM". Akatswiri a kampaniyo limodzi ndi UralNI-ISKh (woweta - Doctor of Agricultural Sayansi E.P Shanina) apanga mitundu ingapo ya mbatata (Lux, Otrada, Bravo, Mishka, Miner), yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Agrofirm "KRiMM" imagwiranso ntchito popanga mbewu yayikulu, ili ndi labotale yake yopanga mbatata zosapatsira ma virus pamzere wabwino. Kampaniyi ndi m'modzi mwa atsogoleri atatu ku Russia pankhani ya kupanga mbatata. Kampani yaulimi imapereka mbewu za mbewu ku mafamu am'derali ndi kumadera ena: kuchokera ku Krasnodar mpaka Khabarovsk, komanso kumayiko oyandikana nawo.
Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa pakukula kwa mbeu ndi madera ena amderali. Pakati pawo, famu yaulimi "Bwenzi", ikuyendetsa ntchito yofesa limodzi ndi a Agrotechnological Institute of the GAU of Northern Trans-Urals. Munda woyeserera wapangidwa pafamuyo, ntchito yophatikizira pamodzi ikuchitika, mitundu yatsopano ikuphunziridwa.
KUSINTHA
Chaka chino, chomera chopukutira mbatata chomangidwa ndi Agrofirm KRiMM LLC chidzagulidwa ku dera la Tyumen. Ili ndi limodzi mwama projekiti akuru kwambiri m'chigawochi, amachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi boma la maboma komanso oyang'anira chigawo cha Uporovsky.
Kukonzekera kwamakampani ndi matani 30 azida zopangira pachaka. Pofuna kupanga zopangira, ulimi udakulitsa malo olimapo mbatata.
Chomera chimathandizira popanga zinthu zopangira msika waku Russia: mbatata zophika theka zophika ndi zowonjezera zachilengedwe, komanso zatsopano, peeled, vacuum odulidwa mbatata zatsopano. Kuyika makilogalamu 400, ma kilogalamu awiri ndi theka ndi makilogalamu asanu kulola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomalizidwa kukhitchini yanyumba komanso m'malo operekera zokolola, kuphatikiza m'masukulu ophunzitsa ana masukulu am'makomo. Amakonzekera kuti pachaka kampaniyo ipange matani 15 a zinthu zomalizidwa.
Pakadali pano, kutumiza kumayambira pa chomera.
reclamation wa
Ntchito zazikulu zokonzanso m'dera la Tyumen zidayamba mzaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo. Pofika 1992, zida zopitilira 120 zidamangidwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso mderali. Dera laminda yothirira inali mahekitala 12,4 zikwi, nthaka yothiridwa - mahekitala 92,4. Kenako panadza nthawi yayitali yachuma.
Pofika chaka cha 2014, malo amthirira mchigawo cha Tyumen anali mahekitala 3, omwe ali pafupifupi 910% yazomera zonse za mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba zamabungwe azolimo, amalonda aliyense payekha komanso minda yosauka. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina m'malo opitilira madera ambiri kudapitilira 37%.
Dera, lomwe likukulitsa ntchito zaulimi, lidakumana ndi funso loti lifunika kubwezeretsanso madzi ndi kuthirira.
Pulogalamu yomwe boma likuyang'anira "Development of Land Reclamation of Agriculture of Russia for 2014-2020" imathandiza masiku ano kuthetsa vutoli. ndi pulogalamu yachigawo yakukhazikitsanso kukonzanso kwa malo mdziko la Tyumen, lomwe lakhala likugwira ntchito kuyambira 2016.
Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya feduro m'chigawochi, ngalande ya Kukushkinskaya yolumikizira mahekitala 2 idayambika, malinga ndi dongosolo lachigawo, njira zothirira zidakhazikitsidwa pamalo opitilira mahekitala 800 mu kampani yolima ya KRiMM. Momwe madzi amapezekera m'malo abwino ndi malo osungira ndi mitsinje ya Chernaya, yomwe idapangidwa kale.
KUPHUNZITSA
Kudera la Tyumen, kuli ophunzira asanu ndi awiri omwe amagwira nawo ntchito yophunzitsira zaulimi: ndi State Agrarian University ndi makoleji sikisi aulimi: Tobolsk ndi Ishim multidisciplinary makoleji, Golyshmanovsky agro-pedagogical koleji, koleji ya agrotechnological ya Yalutorovsk, koleji yamapulogalamu yamapiri ya Zumoden agroindustrial.
State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals ndi malo oyang'anira ntchito zamaphunziro, thandizo la sayansi komanso kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri pazogulitsa.
Ophunzira opitilira 4500 ndi ophunzira akuphunzira ku yunivesiteyo mu mitundu yonse, yanthawi yayitali komanso yophunzira panthawi zisanu m'mabungwe asanu:
- Agricultural Technology Institute (ATI)
- Institute of Mechanics and Technology (MIT)
- Institute of Biotechnology ndi Veterinary Medicine (IB ndi BM)
- Institute of Mbali Maphunziro (IDO)
- Sukulu Yophunzirira Kwambiri ndi Kuthanso Ntchito Kwa Ogwira Ntchito (IPC ndi PC)
Ophunzira ku University amaphunzitsidwa komanso kuphunzira m'mabizinesi otsogola monga famu ya Yubileiny yobereketsa, kampani ya ulimi ya KRiMM, ndi Evika-Agro.
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA
Mu 2011, m'boma la Uporovsky m'chigawo cha Tyumen, alimi am'deralo adakhazikitsa chipilala cha mbatata zamitundu ya Zekura. Chipilalachi ndi mbatata yamamita awiri. Chipilala cha uporovskaya agrofirm "KRiMM" idakhazikitsidwa.
Zinthuzi zidakonzedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya zamalonda yamafakitale ya dera la Tyumen