«Mbatata zokoma ndi mbewu zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa eni ake. ”
Mawu akuti kampani Lykeby, Sweden
M'zaka zaposachedwa, m'gawo la zaulimi ku Russia pakhala pakuchitika chidwi chakukula kwa tirigu (kuphatikiza chimanga) pokonza kuti pakhale wowuma ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo. Kuyika tirigu mu wowuma kumakhala ndi zinthu zingapo: zovuta za kupatukana kwa zida, mtengo wokwera wa zida, kufunika kosiyanitsa ndi kugulitsa zinthu zina, osagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa wowuma, omwe, pomwepa, sangamasulidwe kwathunthu ku protein.
Kodi alimi aku Russia akuganiza chiyani pa chikhalidwe chathu chotere monga mbatata? Zikuwoneka ngati zovuta kwa iwo, ngakhale zazing'ono pakukula, ndipo mulibe wowuma kwambiri mu izo poyerekeza ndi chimanga chomwecho kapena tirigu.
Pankhani imeneyi, ndikufuna kudziwa zomwe makampani omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali komanso athanzi pantchito ya mbatata, zomwe ndi zomwe kampani ya ku Sweden yotchedwa SSF, Sveriges Stärkelseproducenter Förening (yodziwika bwino monga Lyckeby).
Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1927 ngati mgwirizano wa alimi, kuphatikiza oposa 800. Masiku ano, ndi a alimi 600 ochokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Sweden, pomwe pafupifupi 400 akugwira ntchito yolima mbatata (pa ma 8000 ha), osati mbatata zokha, koma mitundu yawo yaukadaulo, yomwe ili ndi pafupifupi 20%.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimalimbikitsa mlimi kuti akule mbewu yoyenera ya zinthu zokwanira ndi mtundu wofunikira?
Makina omwe makampani amatengera ndi omwe amawerengedwa bwino ndi omwe ayenera kubweretsa zipatso ndi nthawi yanji, ndipo ndi iti mwa mbewuzo. Mlimi, yemwenso amagawana nawo gawo, amalandila malipiro a mbatata zomwe zimalowetsedwamo malinga ndi kusanthula kwake (pomwe masamba omwe amapezeka kuchokera mu batch ochokera ku batch yomwe idalowetsedwa akuyerekezedwa ndi mtengo wapansi (19,5%)). Ngati pali wowuma wowonjezereka - kuphatikiza bonasi, ngati sikokwanira, motero, kuchotsera. Pakutha kwa chaka, mlimi azilandiranso gawo lomwe amapeza, pokhapokha msonkhano wa omwe atenga nawo mbali ataganiza zowongolera gawo kapena ndalama zonse, mwachitsanzo, zida zamakonzedwe amodzi mwa mbewu zomwe tsopano sizimapanga zokhazokha, komanso mapuloteni a mbatata, fiber feteleza wa mchere. Poyerekeza mndandandandawo ndi chithunzi pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti zida zonse za tuber zimatayidwa.
Mwayi wosakayikitsa pokonzekera mbatata ndiye mtengo wake wowuma - izi zikutanthauza kukula kwa mbewu, mawonekedwe ake ophatikizika, mawonekedwe oyera ndi oyera. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mbatata ikhale yofunikira kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe ena.
Kodi Lyckeby akuchita chiyani, chomwe sichingasamutsidwe ku dothi la Russia?
Kodi sizotheka kupanga mgwirizano, pomwe aliyense atenga gawo lake pofanana ndi gawo lake, kugula mbewu pakatikati, ndikuyambitsa njira zoyenera ndi ukadaulo? Zotulutsa za mbatata zokhazikika kwambiri (malinga ndi malamulo onse) zili pamtunda wa matani 70-75 pa hekitala iliyonse. Ponena za wowuma, chiwerengerochi chidzakhala chokwera kuposa nthawi yomwe amalima chimanga kapena tirigu ...
Vuto ndilakuti alimi athu sakonzeka kudziwa mbatata zokha monga zida zopangira. Mbatata zamitundu ya matebulo zili kutsogolo, ndipo mwina amazimeza pang'ono kapena zowonjezera kuti zikonzedwe. Zinthu zokhala wowuma muzopangira zinthu zoterezi zikhala pamlingo wa 10-13%, kapenanso kutsika, ndipo palibe chifukwa choyankhulira phindu lazachuma popanga. Ngati mlimi amalima mbatata zomwe zimakhala ndi wowuma kwambiri, amayesera kuzigulitsa kuti azigulitsa maunyolo kuti apange phindu lalikulu. Mlimi wa ku Sweden alibe ngakhale lingaliro lotere, mbatata zomwe zimamera molingana ndi malamulo aukadaulo sizingalowe mu netiweki yogawa. Pomaliza - tikufuna kuchitapo kanthu, choyambirira pa nthawi yamalamulo, omwe angaphatikize magawo monga momwe anachitikira ku Europe. Mtsogolomo, mpira udzakhala kumbali ya alimi athu ...