M'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwa mbatata kwakula kwambiri m'maiko a EU, ndipo chikhumbo cha opanga kuti aphunzire momwe angakulire ndichomveka. Amakula kale ku Italy, Spain, Israel ndi Egypt, ndipo mochulukirapo chaka chilichonse. Opanga ku Belgium ndi Holland ali ndi chidwi ndi mbatata. Mu 2017, mayesero angapo adachitidwa pa siteshoni yoyesera ya Vredepel, yomwe ili ndi yunivesite ya Wageningen (Netherlands).
Ngakhale mbatata nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mbatata, mbewu ziwirizi zimasiyana osati ndi botanical, komanso mtengo wozikulitsa. Popanga mbatata, zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kubzala ndi kukolola pamanja, mtengo wobzala, komanso kusunga ndi kukonza. Mu 2016, pa siteshoni yoyesera ku Kreischaut (Belgium), mayesero osiyanasiyana anayamba, chaka chino mayesero ayamba ku Netherlands.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zolirira, kugwiritsa ntchito mulch ndi kuyesa kosiyanasiyana kunachitikanso ku Fredepel Station. Monga mukudziwa, mbatata ndi chomera cha thermophilic ndipo sichilekerera chisanu konse, izi zimatsimikizira kuyamba kwa kulima. Imafunikanso chinyezi chokwanira komanso kutentha kuti ikule. Kuonjezera apo, kukolola kuyenera kuchitika kutentha kwa nthaka kusanatsike pansi pa madigiri 10. C (ku Holland izi zimachitika koyambirira kwa Okutobala).
Ku Fredepel station, mbatata idadulidwa mwachindunji pa 29 Meyi 2017 ndipo mbande za cubed zidabzalidwa pa 21 June. Pofika m'katikati mwa mwezi wa July, kuchuluka kwa zomera kuchokera ku mbande za potted kunali kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi cuttings, mwina chifukwa cha tsiku lina lobzala. Kuwona uku kumatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti mbande zoyikidwa mumiphika zimapereka chiyambi cha kukula bwino. Mayesowa adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya O'Henry, California, Beauregard (zodula), Innosweet ndi Orata Orange (mbande mu peat cubes), osati mochuluka kufananiza wina ndi mzake, koma kudziwana ndi mitundu.
Zomerazo zidabzalidwa pamalo athyathyathya. Kulima kwa ma ridge kwayesedwa ngati njira ina, yomwe ingakhale yabwino kutenthetsa nthaka mwachangu, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi mulching. M'munda woyesera, mulching ndi filimu yakuda ndi pepala lofiirira linagwiritsidwa ntchito. Masensa a kutentha adayesa kuya kwa 10, 20, 30, ndi 40 cm.
Zinapezeka kuti mulching ndi filimu yakuda imapereka zotsatira zabwino, kuonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka ndi madigiri 3-4. Ndi poyerekeza ndi bulauni pepala ndi kuteteza chiwonongeko cha zitunda ndi mvula. Zomera m'ma cubes zidabzalidwa m'mabowo obowoledwa kale muzojambulazo, ndipo zodulidwazo zidalumikizidwa mwachindunji kudzera mu mulch. Monga njira ina, zingwe zapadera za waya zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe kudulako kunakulungidwa kawiri, kenaka kumamatira m'nthaka. Zomwe zili bwino zimadalira mtundu wa zinthu zobzala komanso kupezeka kwa manja ogwirira ntchito. Ndikofunika kuti zodulidwazo zigwirizane ndi kutentha kwa nthaka mwamsanga, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyamba kwa mizu. Mlimi wa mbatata waku Belgian Van de Bool, yemwe amabzala mbatata yodulira ndi makina osinthira, akuti pamafunika maola 1 kuti abzale hekitala imodzi.
Pa siteshoni ya Fredepel, 125 kg / ha ya kieserite ndi 200 kg / ha ya potaziyamu sulfate, komanso pafupifupi 150 kg / ha ya nayitrogeni ndi manyowa a ng'ombe, adayikidwa pamalo odzaza. M'mayiko ena, akukhulupirira kuti 60 kg / ha nayitrogeni ndi wokwanira mbatata. Pakali pano palibe mankhwala omwe amalembetsa kulima mbatata ku Belgium ndi Holland. Udzu si vuto lalikulu chifukwa zomera zimaphimba nthaka yonse. Mwa tizirombo, owopsa kwambiri ndi mbewa ndi makoswe ena, komanso nematodes.
Mbatata zimasunga bwino nthawi zingapo. Mbewu ziyenera kukololedwa kutentha kwa nthaka kusanatsike pansi pa 10 degrees. C. Khungu la tubers ndi lopyapyala kwambiri komanso losakhwima, choncho kukolola kuyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chokumba mbatata ndi ntchito yamanja.
Malinga ndi mayeso a 2016, zokolola za mbatata ku Belgium zimafika 20-50 t / ha, kutengera mitundu ndi kukula kwake. Kusungirako kumayamba ndi nthawi ya mankhwala kwa sabata imodzi pa kutentha kwa madigiri 29-30. Ndi komanso m'mwamba momwe ndingathere chinyezi chachibale cha mpweya. Khungu limakula komanso lolimba. Kutentha kumayambitsa ma enzyme, omwe amathandizira kukoma kwa ma tubers. Pambuyo pa nthawi ya chithandizo, ma tubers akhoza kusungidwa kwa chaka pa kutentha kwa madigiri 13. C ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Kubzala ndi limodzi mwamavuto akulu pakulima mbatata. M'mayesero ku Fredepel, mbande zaku Spain zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu yomwe imabzalidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Beauregard ndi Covington, onse amaŵetedwa ku mayunivesite aku US, ndipo Covington saloledwa kulimidwa kunja kwa dzikolo. Kwa kulima ku Ulaya, makamaka m'mayiko a kumpoto, m'pofunika kusankha mitundu yoyenera. Mtengo wa cuttings ndi pafupifupi 0,10-0,20 mayuro / chidutswa, mbande mu cubes - pafupifupi 0,50 mayuro / chidutswa.
Source: http://www.fruit-inform.com