Akatswiri a kampaniyo "Ogasiti", m'modzi mwamagawo akulu kwambiri aku Russia opanga mankhwala oteteza zitsamba, adalemba zipatso zopindulitsa kwambiri zaulimi, komanso zomwe zimawopseza kukolola kwa mbewu izi nyengo ino. Chopindulitsa kwambiri kwa alimi masiku ano ndikulima mbewu monga chimanga, mpendadzuwa, kugwiririra, mafuta a fulakesi ndi chimanga. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yayikulu yopanga phindu sikuchepetsa mitengo yopanga zaulimi, koma kuwonjezera zokolola.
Mbale. Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, nyengo ndi zokolola zomwe zimadalira sizikukondedwa ku Europe ndi United States. Malo opangira tirigu padziko lapansi amakhala osowa mvula. Msika wapadziko lonse wa mbewu monga chimanga, mtengo wake ndiwokwera ndipo kufunikira kwake ndikotsika - kwakuti, pambali pake, mbewu izi tsopano zapambana mtsogoleri yemwe sanatsutsidwe kwanthawi yayitali - mpendadzuwa.
"Ku Russia, panthawiyi, mbewu zambewu zili zambiri," akutero a Dmitry Belov, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yopanga zinthu mu kampani ya Ogasiti. "Dothi ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana zimagwira ntchito m'malo mwathu: mwachitsanzo, tili ku Central Russia ndipo makamaka Central Central Earth Region, komwe kumachepetsa chinyezi, mosiyana ndi madera akumwera."
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala zovuta mu 2021, ngakhale akatswiri ena, kuphatikiza ntchito yowunika ya US department of Agriculture (USDA), ananeneratu za kukolola tirigu ku Russia. Chifukwa chake, kasupeyu m'chigawo chapakati cha Chernozem, chifukwa chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kusowa bwino kwa mbeu m'nyengo yachisanu, panali madera ambiri "omwe agwa". Mwachitsanzo, m'mafamu ena m'chigawo cha Voronezh, 100% ya minda idayenera kudzalidwa ndi mbewu za masika. Chifukwa cha chisanu ndi chipale chofewa, matenda a fungal omwe amakhudza zomera nthawi yayitali, zina mwa nyengo yozizira ku Altai, Udmurtia ndi Bashkortostan zinafa. Matenda osowa kwambiri - sclerotinosis - nawonso adadziwonetsera ku Udmurtia, Bashkortostan ndi Mordovia. Potengera izi, titha kuyerekezera kuti mitengo ya tirigu, rye ndi balere sichepera mu 2021. Zowonjezerapo zina ndi monga tizirombo monga utitiri wa mkate ndi ma waya, ndi madera angapo, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa kutentha kwa mpweya watsiku ndi tsiku, mbewu zomwe zidawotchedwa ndi kutentha.
Mpendadzuwa... Ngakhale pali njira zomwe zilipo pakukhazikitsa mitengo ya mpendadzuwa, imakhalabe mbewu yayitali kwambiri yomwe ili ndi mwayi waukulu wogulitsa kunja. Mu 2021, pafupifupi mahekitala 8 miliyoni a mbewuyi adakonzedwa kuti afesedwe, koma apa ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbewu zakufa zakufa zidabzalidwa, kuphatikiza ndi mpendadzuwa. Chifukwa chake, njira yowonjezeretsa dera lomwe lili pansi pake mu 2021 ikupitilizabe.
Alimi omwe amalonjeza kuti adzapindula "maluwa agolide" amayesetsa kupulumutsa ndi mphamvu zawo zonse - sizosangalatsa kuti mpendadzuwa amawerengedwa kuti ndi mbewu yotsogola potengera momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito zotetezera mbewu imagwirira ntchito. “Komabe, matenda monga phomosis ndi phomopsis, omwe amayambitsa matenda a necrosis a zomera, downy mildew, basket rot, botrytinia (gray rot) ndi sclerotiniasis, atha kukulitsa zokolola chaka chino. Ngakhale omalizirawa adadziwonetsera okha m'mapira achisanu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kwa bowa wa mtundu wa Sclerotinia, mbewu zomwe zimalandilidwa ndi mpendadzuwa, kugwiriridwa, ndi soya, komanso momwe zimayendera kasinthasintha mbewu kumathandizira kukulira kwa matenda a sclerotinia, "Akutero a Dmitry Belov.
Kugwirira. Ku Russia, chikhalidwe chakumwa mafuta ogwiriridwa ngati chakudya sichinapangidwe - mosiyana ndi Europe. Komanso, China ikugula mofunitsitsa mitundu yonse yamafuta azamasamba. Kufunika kwa mafuta ogwiriridwa kukukulirakulirabe chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa biodiesel, monga chopangira, chogwiriridwa ndikofunikira pakupanga mafuta amafuta ndi mafuta, popanga mankhwala apanyumba ndi mafuta onunkhira. Zonsezi zimathandizira kuti ogwiriridwa ngati mbewu yamphesa yamafuta. Ku Russia, kugwiriridwa m'nyengo yozizira kukuchulukirachulukira kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumpoto, komwe kuli chinyezi chochulukirapo, kuphatikiza nthawi yophukira, chifukwa chake, chiopsezo chobera mbewu mopitirira muyeso chimachepa. Madera omwe amabzala kugwiriridwa masika ayambanso kuwonjezeka mzaka zaposachedwa.
“Komabe, chaka chino zokolola za kugwiriridwa, ndipo chifukwa chake, mphamvu zakukula mmbali za kufesa kwake ndi funso lalikulu. M'madera angapo, momwe poyamba munali chinyezi chokwanira chifukwa cha kugwa kwa chipale chofewa, minda komabe idawuma mwachangu kwambiri: chipale chofewa, monga akunenera, chidakhala "chopanda kanthu". Mwambiri, nyengo imatha kuonedwa kuti ndiyoopseza omwe agwiriridwa mu 2021, "a Dmitry Belov amakhulupirira.
Mafuta a fulakesi... Mu 2020, kuwonjezeka kwachangu pamtengo wogulira mbewu za mbewuyi kudadabwitsa olima. Fulakesi wothira mafuta posachedwa atha kudzionetsera ngati wotsutsana ndi ogwiriridwa - makamaka m'maiko omwe nyengo sizilola kudalira zokolola zake zonse. Mafuta a fulakesi ndi fulakesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi, koma chomwe chimapangitsa kukwera kwamitengo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a fulakesi ngati zida zopangira m'makampani, makamaka utoto ndi varnish.
Fakisi yodzola mafuta imafesedwa msanga mokwanira, sikhala pachiwopsezo cha nyengo yoipa, ndipo kuchepa kwa chinyezi sikowononga ngati kuchuluka kwake. Pakati pa matenda omwe angawononge mbewu mu 2021, choyambirira, fusarium wilting ndi fulakesi gulu liyenera kuwunikiridwa - matenda omwe amafooketsa kwambiri mtundu wa mbewu zake. Kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa chitukuko, fulakesi amathanso kuwopsezedwa ndi mphutsi zamawaya.
Mbewu Kutchuka kwa "mfumukazi yam'munda" kwatsika kumadera akumwera a Russia, komabe, ku Central Black Earth Region, lero ndizotheka kupeza zokolola zambiri za mbeu iyi - pafupifupi 70 cent cent pa hekitala. Mwambiri, dera la mbewu zake likukula - kuphatikiza chifukwa chofunikira kufesa masika m'malo mwa mbewu za nthawi yozizira zomwe zawonongeka. Chimanga chotumiza kunja chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, chimafunikanso pamsika wapakhomo, ndichimonso mbewu yofunikira pakuweta ziweto.
"Poona masamba am'mbali, chimanga chotsekemera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pometa chimakhala chodziwikiratu: chimakhala ndi mitengo yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimalimidwa pamgwirizano womwe udasainidwa kale ndi olima. Chifukwa chake, kulakwitsa kulikonse kumatha kukhala kokwera mtengo. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zolamulidwa ndi tizirombo tambiri ndi mbozi ya katoni, yomwe mbozi zake zimakhazikika pazitsamba, zomwe zimawawononga osasinthika ndikuwapangitsa kukhala osagwiritsika ntchito, komanso njenjete za chimanga, ”akutero a Dmitry Belov.
Monga momwe akatswiri a "Ogasiti" adanenera, ntchito yayikulu ya alimi ku Russia lero ndikuwonjezera zokolola, osati kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, zomwe zatayika. Pakulima kwa 30 c / ha, pamafunika mtengo wofanana ndi wa 60 c / ha, komabe, mtengo wa centner wa tirigu wachiwiri umachepa, ndipo kuchepa kumawonjezeka. “Kuchuluka kwa zokololazo, kufunika kwa inshuwaransi yaulimi kumakula - kuchokera ku matenda, namsongole, tizirombo. Ndipo alimi aku Russia masiku ano akuyandikira ndalama "zochepa" zolimira mbewu: zambiri, ndizotheka, koma zochepa sizingatheke, "akumaliza Dmitry Belov.