Alexey Krasilnikov, wamkulu wa Potato Union
Kubzala mbatata munyengo yatsopano kudayamba ndikuchedwa ndipo pofika nthawi yolemba (Meyi 24) inali isanamalizidwe, ngakhale nyengo ikuloleza kukweza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti minda yambiri imakhala ndi nthawi yokumana ndi agrotechnical masiku omalizira.
Dera lomwe lili pansi pa mbatata lidzawonjezeka monga zikuyembekezeredwa, koma palibe zofunikira pakulumpha kwakukulu. Mwambiri, kuyerekezera komwe adzawoneke pamsika chaka chino ndikotsimikiza, ndipo zaka zisanu zikubwerazi adzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu.
Mndandanda wamtengo
Tisanakhazikike pamitu iyi mwatsatanetsatane, tiyeni tinene mawu ochepa za kutha kwa nyengo yapitayi: titha kutchedwa opambana kwambiri kwa olima mbatata.
Mitengo yogulitsa kwambiri ya mbatata kuyambira koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka mkatikati mwa nyengo inali pafupifupi nthawi 2-2,5 kuposa zomwe zimayenderana ndi nyengo yapita ndipo amalola olimawo kukhala olimba mtima.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi, tazindikira kuchepa pang'ono kwa mitengo m'zigawo zambiri, ndichifukwa chakupezeka pamisika pamsika (pofika Meyi 1, 2021, pafupifupi matani 572 azinthu anali akadali pamlingo waukulu mabizinezi aulimi, chaka chapitacho ndalamazo zinali matani zikwi 548) ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mitengo.
Zowonjezera, kuti zina mwazogulitsazo sizidagulitsidwe zimayambitsidwa makamaka ndimavuto abwinobwino (makamaka, kusakwanira kwa katunduyo pazofunikira zamaketoni m'mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe).
Idyani
Kuchuluka kwa mbatata zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Russia nyengo ino kudakulirakulira poyerekeza ndi koyambirira, komabe sitinganene kuti "akukakamiza" msika.
Chifukwa chake, mu Januware, dziko lathu linaitanitsa matani 6 a mbatata, pomwe matani 4,5 zikwi - kuchokera ku Belarus, matani 634 - kuchokera ku Egypt. Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kudziwika kuti njira yopezera mbatata zoyambilira ku Egypt idatsegulidwa kale kuposa masiku onse (chifukwa choti maunyolo ogulitsa sanatsimikizire kuti padzakhala kuchuluka kokwanira kwa malonda aku Russia pamsika). Mu February, kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja kwakula kale mpaka matani 25, pomwe matani 18070 adachokera ku Egypt. Republic of Belarus idatumiza matani 4684 a mbatata za tebulo ndi matani 204 a mbewu ku Russia.
Mbatata zowonjezera zidabweretsedwa ku Russia mu Epulo: matani 670, pomwe matani 286 ochokera ku Belarus ndi matani 180 ochokera ku Finland. Ndipo kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mbatata (kuphatikiza zogulitsa) kudafika matani 100 zikwi.
Kutuluka kwakukulu kwa mbewu kumangoyamba mu Meyi. Nthawi yomweyo, katundu wochokera ku Finland, Germany ndi Scotland adatumizidwa kudzikolo motsatira "njira yobiriwira", popanda zitsanzo za makanema, ndi mbatata zochokera ku Netherlands, Poland, France zidadutsa magawo onse otsimikizira malinga ndi malamulo a Rosselkhoznadzor .
Kuchuluka kwa mbatata zomwe zidalowa ku Russia kuchokera kumayiko ena pofika nyengo yobzala ya 2021 sizikudziwika pakadali pano. M'mbuyomu, opanga zaulimi adafunsira kuti alowetse matani zikwi 19, koma tikukhulupirira kuti zenizeni zomwe kugula zidzatsalira pamlingo wa chaka chatha (matani 9) kapena kutsika pang'ono. Koma kudakali molawirira kwambiri kuti tiwerengetse zotsatira, masewera ambiri akadali panjira.
Pomaliza zokambirana zakubwera kwa mbeu, ndiwonetsanso njira yokhazikika: nyengo iliyonse yatsopano, zopereka zamagetsi (makamaka ma minitubers, michero yaying'ono zikadali zovuta kuzitumiza) zikuchulukirachulukira .
Mapulani okwerera
Malinga ndi Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, mu 2021, pafupifupi mahekitala 290 azikapatsidwa mbatata mgawo lazamalonda. Kumbukirani kuti chaka chatha, malinga ndi kuneneratu, mbatata zimayenera kukhala mahekitala 280, koma zokolola zidachitika kuchokera mahekitala 266. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaposachedwa poyerekeza, chiwonjezeko chidzakhala mahekitala 25.
Atsogoleri asanuwo malinga ndi madera omwe akuyembekezeredwa akuphatikizapo Bryanskaya (mahekitala 27 zikwi); Tula (mahekitala 20); Nizhegorodskaya (mahekitala zikwi 13,8); Moscow (mahekitala zikwi 13,6) ndi Sverdlovsk (mahekitala 13).
Nthawi yomweyo, tikuwona kuti malo ambiri olima munthawiyo sanasinthe kwambiri mapulogalamu awo a mbatata: wina adasiya kulima komweko, ena adachepetsa malowo, akuyembekeza kuti abwezera zochepazo pogwiritsa ntchito zamakono zamakono.
Poganizira izi, titha kupanga lingaliro loyambirira kuti kuwonjezeka kwakukulu m'deralo kwa mbatata (zomwe zalembedwa kwambiri ndikuwopa) sizingachitike chaka chino.
Kukula kwa chidwi ndi zikhalidwe kumawonekera makamaka mmadera omwe mabungwe amakampani akukonzekera kutsegulira (kapena kukulitsa mphamvu). Mbatata zambiri zimabzalidwa, mwachitsanzo, kudera la Novosibirsk, komwe kumamera mbewu ya mbatata ya PepsiCo; kudera la Lipetsk, komwe Belaya Dacha Farming idzagwiritse ntchito mzere wachiwiri wopanga ma fries aku France (kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zopangira zopangidwa ndi matani 100 miliyoni pachaka).
Ndizachidziwikire kuti oyenga adzapitiliza kuyendetsa bwino ntchito zamtsogolo mtsogolo. Mzerewu ndiwachigawo cha Tula, komwe mzaka zikubwerazi mafakitole opanga mafryimu aku France (McCain Foods Rus) ndi mabala a mbatata (IP M.Zh. Avetisyan) akhazikitsidwa.
Weather
Pofika pakati pa Meyi, m'malo ambiri, padali kuchepa kwakukulu pamitengo yobzala nthawi zonse. Ambiri adapita kumunda milungu iwiri mochedwa, popeza nyengo nyengo yoyambilira ya Meyi sinali yabwino kwambiri (m'chigawo chapakati ndi dera la Volga panali mvula yambiri, kutentha kunatsalira).
Kumbali ina, makampani angapo adatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuchedwa kwamasabata awiri kuti apeze chilolezo kuchokera ku Rosselkhoznadzor ndikukonzekera momwe zinthu zikutumizira mbewu zikuluzikulu.
Tsopano ntchito ikuchitika kale mdziko lonselo. Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha magwiridwe antchito a mabungwe azogulitsa zamagawo azigawo zaku Russia, pofika Meyi 21, m'mabizinesi azolimo ndi minda ya anthu wamba (minda), mbatata zidabzalidwa mahekitala 159,5 (iyi ndi 54,9% a m'deralo). Nthawi yomweyo, m'malo angapo, nyengo yozizira idasinthidwa ndikutentha kosazolowereka (10-12 ° C otentha kuposa zabwinobwino). Koma popeza m'malo ambiri mulibe chinyezi chokwanira m'linyalala, kufunikira kwachilengedwe kumeneku sikuwopseza zokolola zamtsogolo. M'tsogolomu, zigawo zikuluzikulu ku Russia, olosera akulonjeza kusinthasintha kwa nyengo yofunda ndi mvula yapakatikati, zomwe zithandizira kukulitsa chikhalidwe.
Mwambiri, makampani omwe adamaliza kubzala mwachangu adatenga malo oyambira mpikisano wokolola.
Mzere
Pokambirana zakusankha kwamitundu ndiopanga zaulimi, timadalira zidziwitso za Russian Agricultural Center kuyambira 2020, koma munyengo yatsopano, palibe kusintha komwe kwadziwika.
Monga kale, gawo lamikango yam'madera a mbatata yaku Russia (57%) m'magulu azamalonda amakhala ndi mitundu 10, 9 mwa iwo ndi osankhidwa akunja. Ndipo izi ngakhale pali mitundu 494 yomwe idalembetsedwa mu State Register. Pazonse, malinga ndi zotsatira za kampeni yofesa ya 2020, opanga alimi adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 169 yambewu yobzala. Poyerekeza, mu 2018, mitundu 423 idalembetsedwa mu State Register, pomwe 177 inali yofunidwa ndi omwe amapanga zaulimi. Ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ikukula, ndipo chidwi cha alimi muzinthu zatsopano zikuchepa, zomwe zakhala kuyesedwa pazaka zolima kumakhalabe pamndandanda wa atsogoleri.
Mwa zina zabwino, kuchepa kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mbatata zosatsimikizika kuyenera kuwunikiridwa: mu 2018, matani zikwi 264 za mbewu zopanda mitundu (33% ya voliyumu yonse) adapita kukabzala, ndipo mu 2020 - 221 matani zikwi (29%) ). Chifukwa chachikulu: kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu yotsimikizika kwakhala chofunikira pakulandila thandizo.
Chiyembekezo cha kukula
Ngati nyengo ili yabwino munthawiyo, kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mbatata mgulu lazinthu zidzafika pamlingo wokwanira matani 7-7,5 miliyoni. Ndipo kuchokera pakuwona kwa akatswiri a Mgwirizano wa Mbatata, kuchuluka kwa izi sikungakhale kokwanira, ndipo mtsogolomo, kusunga zokolola pamlingo womwewo kumawopseza dziko ndikusowa kwa mbatata.
Malinga ndi Rosstat, kuchuluka kwakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zokolola zochulukirapo - chifukwa chakukana kwa anthu aku Russia kulima mbewu m'mabungwe awo - kukukulirakulira. Pakati pa 2000 ndi 2015, kuchepa kwa pachaka kumakhalabe pamlingo wa matani 600. Kuyambira 2015, matani miliyoni adachotsedwa kale pamalipiro onse.
Pomwe tikusunga kuchuluka kwakunyamuka, kuchuluka kwa zopereka m'zigawo zapakhomo sizingadutse matani 2026 miliyoni pofika 6,7 (mu 2020: matani miliyoni 12,7).
Ndipo malinga ndi kuneneratu kwa akatswiri, pofika nthawi ino, makampani opanga okha ndi omwe azidya matani osachepera 3 miliyoni ya zopangira (tsopano - matani 1,6 miliyoni). Njira yokhayo yotetezera kusowa kwa mbatata ndikuwonjezera kupanga. Kukula kwa madera mdziko muno kuyenera kukhala osachepera 5% pachaka. Momwemonso, pofika chaka cha 2026, mbatata zikhala pafupifupi mahekitala 376, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola zochuluka mgulu lazinthu zidzafika pamlingo wokwanira matani 11,6 miliyoni.
Nthawi idzauza ngati akuluakulu ndi omwe akuyimira makampani azimvera malingaliro a akatswiri, koma zatsala zochepa kuti apange zisankho zazikulu.
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