Zolemba: Veronica Perova
Akatswiri amalosera za kukula kwa msika wazomera zaku Russia
Msika wa ndiwo zamasamba ku Russia wayamba kumene: pali opanga 12 okha ovomerezeka a zinthuzi mdziko muno, ndiwo zamasamba ambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Komabe, kuthekera kwa malangizowa ndikokulirapo - kufunika kwa ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano komanso zathanzi zikukula, ndipo ngakhale mkati mwa mliriwu, ogulitsa sanazindikire kutsika kwa malonda amtunduwu wazakudya. Akatswiri komanso ochita nawo malonda ali ndi chidaliro kuti kukula kwa masamba omwe akukula kwayandikira.
Mu Januwale 2020, Federal Law on Organic Production N 280-FZ idayamba kugwira ntchito ku Russia, yomwe idakhazikitsa njira zingapo nthawi imodzi: kukhazikitsidwa kwa chizindikiritso chovomerezeka malinga ndi mayiko, mayiko ndi mayiko ena, mawonekedwe achizindikiro kaundula wogwirizana wa opanga organic patsamba la Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
Chikalatacho chimakhazikitsa tanthauzo la zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakuthupi ndikuwongolera machitidwe ake pakupanga, kusunga, mayendedwe, kulemba ndi kugulitsa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kutuluka kwa lamuloli kudzathandizira kukulitsa zokolola ku Russia makamaka komanso kulima masamba makamaka, komanso kukulitsa chidwi cha gawo ili kwa alimi.
Msika waung'ono wokhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa msika waku Russia wazinthu zopangidwa ndizochepa, zambiri (pafupifupi 80%) zimatumizidwa kuchokera kunja.
Malinga ndi National Organic Union (NOS), pakadali pano ku Russia, kuyambira 300 mpaka 360 zikwi za mahekitala ali ndi mbiri yabwino yopanga organic. Zina mwazo ndi malo otembenuka komanso ovomerezeka pazinthu zamtsogolo. Potero, pali mahekitala 200-220 okha okha oyenera kulima organic. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi akatswiri, pali mahekitala 34 miliyoni a malo olimapo olimapo mdziko muno, omwe ali oyenera kulima organic.
Ochepera 1% amabizinesi azolimo akuchita kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe ku Russia, ndipo mpaka pano kuchuluka kwawo sikukuwonjezeka. Komabe, tsopano zinthu zayamba kusintha kukhala zabwinoko, kuphatikiza gawo lazopanga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Malinga ndi director director a National Organic Union, a Oleg Mironenko, mwa olima 82 aku Russia omwe amapanga zinthu zachilengedwe, mabizinesi 12 okha ndi omwe amalima zamasamba, makamaka kutchire.
"Kulima masamba mwachilengedwe si njira yosavuta, koma kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu," akutero a Ksenia Firsova, katswiri wodziwika wa bungwe lovomerezeka la organic "Katswiri wa Organic", woyang'anira-Auditor wamayiko akunja a EU / NOP ku
Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH (Germany). Malinga ndi katswiri, zopangidwa mwatsopano ndizosangalatsa kwa ogula aku Russia, koma kupanga kwake - kulima ndiwo zamasamba zabwino kwambiri, kuteteza zomera ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndi njira zololedwa pakupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, kusungira mbewu m'malo oyenera, zofunikira - zimafuna kuti alimi atenge zochita zoganizira, zolondola komanso za panthawi yake.
"Minda yambiri yolima masamba yopezeka ku Stavropol ndi Krasnodar Territories ndi Voronezh Region, komwe mungalime masamba osaganizira zachilengedwe," akutero Oleg Mironenko. - Kuphatikiza apo, madera akutengedwa kuti akwaniritse
kupereka chithandizo ku gawo laulimi kuchokera kwa maboma akomweko ”. Mwachitsanzo, Chigawo cha Voronezh chimathandizira pakuvomerezeka ndi 100% ndikugula kwa biofertilizers ndi 50%. Komanso nkhani yakubweretsanso zowonjezera
ndale komanso mahekitala othandizira olima. Nthawi yomweyo, kulibe thandizo lalikulu la boma pazantchito zachuma ku Russia, director director wa National Organic Union adandaula.
A Ksenia Firsova akutsimikizira kuti kuthekera kopeza ndalama zimadalira dera lino, ndipo akuwalimbikitsa kuti alimi afotokozere bwino momwe angabwezeretse ndalama zakuvomerezedwa ndi organic ku unduna kapena dera la zamalimidwe. "Mtengo woperekera satifiketi umawerengedwa m'masiku owerengera payokha pazopanga zilizonse," akutero katswiriyo.
"Minda yomwe ili mdera lakumwera, mwalamulo, amakhazikika pamavwende, nkhaka, tomato, ndi nandolo," Oleg Mironenko akupitilizabe kulankhula za omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika. - Ndipo makampani ku zigawo za Moscow, Leningrad ndi Kaluga makamaka amalima mbatata, kaloti, beets, kabichi - otchedwa borscht. Koma mbewu yawo yayikulu akadali mbatata. " Mwa makampani omwe amalima ndiwo zamasamba, katswiri amatchula "Biofarm of Kuban" kumwera kwa Krasnodar Territory, "Organic Around" ku Stavropol Territory, "Bolotovo", "Vasilki", "Ryabinka" m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi ena.
Wapampando wa Board of Union of Organic Farming, membala wa khonsolo yaboma ya Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Wosankhidwa wa Sayansi Yophunzitsa a Sergei Korshunov anena kuti msika waku Russia wazomera zamasamba pansi zikungopangidwa, pomwe ndi mahekitala mazana okha a nthaka. "Nthawi yomweyo, pali omwe akuchita nawo msika omwe akhala akulima ndiwo zamasamba kwazaka zambiri," akutero a Sergey Korshunov. - Mwachitsanzo, Biofarm ya Kuban yakhala ikugwira ntchito ku Krasnodar Territory kuyambira 2012. Zowona, tsopano famuyi yakhazikika pamasamba owonjezera kutentha ndipo imalima tomato, nkhaka, sipinachi m'mitengo yamafilimu, komanso mavwende ndi mapira ".
Wosewera wina pamsika, membala wa Union of Organic Farming, ndi kampani ya Organic Around, yomwe imapanga tirigu, mbewu zamakampani, komanso ndiwo zamasamba ndikudziyendetsa ku Stavropol Territory. Sergey Korshunov akutsindika kuti mu 2019
kampaniyo walandira satifiketi organic organic.
"Tatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi malamulo a EU 837/2007, 889/2008," akutsimikizira mkulu wa famu ya Organic Around, Ph.D. n. Amiran Zanilov. "Tikalandira chitsimikizo ku Russia chaka chino." Anati kuyambira chaka chatha chiphasochi chasintha. Chifukwa chake, kampaniyo idasiya kupanga zopangidwa ndi organic, zomwe zimayenera kugulitsidwa osakonzedwa, ndiye kuti, kuchokera ku mavwende (mavwende ndi mavwende). Ku "Organic Around" amavomereza kuyambiranso kwa ntchito ndi mbewu izi, koma pokhapokha zitadziwika kuti ndi ziti zomwe zitha kupangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo ndi zida ziti, komanso pali ndalama zogulira.
"Nthawi yomweyo, tidakulitsa malowa ndi tomato, maungu ndikuyamba kulima nkhaka," atero Amiran Zanilov. "Tikukonzekera kuyamba kupanga adyo ndi zonunkhira."
Zomera zamasamba panthaka yotseguka ndizogulitsa nyengo zomwe zikufunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu, atero a Sergei Korshunov. “Amayerekezera zabwino ndi zomwe amakonda. Anthu adasowa tomato wonunkhira wa phwetekere ndipo ali okonzeka kulipira mtengo wokwera,
monga masamba ena azomera, ”akutero.
Malinga ndi Korshunov, opanga nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kulowa mumsika wa Moscow, St. Petersburg, ndi madera akuluakulu. Amakhala ndi 90% yamalonda ogulitsa. "Koma anthu ayenera kudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, makamaka zatsopano komanso za nyengo, m'madera onse a Russia. Komwe ndidapanga, ndidagulitsa kumeneko, iyi ndiye imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kuti zopezera ndalama ndizochepa momwe zingathere, komanso kuti zinthuzo ndi zatsopano komanso zachilengedwe, ”a Sergei Korshunov amakhulupirira.
Nthawi yomweyo, Amiran Zanilov akuwonetsa kuti gawo lazinthu zogulira zimakwera chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wamafuta, misewu yolipirira, ndi zina zambiri. Kutenga nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa chiopsezo chosintha momwe anthu akufunira komanso
amapereka kudera linalake. “Chifukwa chake, malingaliro a kampani yathu ndikulowa m'misika yam'madera. Mwamwayi, mfundo zamitengo zimaloleza, - akufotokoza. "Masiku ano, pafupifupi 85% ya zinthu zathu zimagulitsidwa m'maboma." Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, malonda a "Organic Around" amagulitsidwa m'masitolo angapo ku North Ossetia.
Organic Farming Union imathandizanso njira zachitukuko zaku Organic Around.
"Tikuwona kuti kulowa kwa zachilengedwe m'misika yam'madera ndi njira yatsopano," akutsindika a Sergey Korshunov. Mchitidwe womwewo, malinga ndi iye, ukupangidwa ndi mamembala a Union of Organic Farming ku Siberia. Mwachitsanzo, IE Volkov zaka zingapo zapitazo adatsegula ntchito ya Kalina-Malina yogulitsa zopangidwa pafamu. Amayitanitsa anthu aku Siberia okha komanso alimi okha kuti agwirizane, osati zaulimi. Ntchitoyi ikuyenda bwino mu 2020. Malinga ndi katswiriyu, ogulitsa Kalina-Malina, kuphatikiza opanga masamba, mothandizidwa ndi Union chaka chino
adzafunsira chiphaso cha organic.
Komabe, woyang'anira wamkulu wa NOS Oleg Mironenko akuwonjezera ntchentche mu mafutawo pazokambiranazo, kukumbukira zovuta zomwe zikuchitika chaka chino zokhudzana ndi mliri wa coronavirus. "Chifukwa choletsa kugulitsa masamba kunja kwa madera omwe amapangidwako, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa zokolola chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madola (mbewu, zinthu zamoyo, zida zina, ndi zina zambiri zimayenera kukhala ogulidwa ndi ndalama zakunja), minda ina yazachilengedwe sinathe kugulitsa mbewu zomwe zakula, - akukumbukira. "Ndinayenera kukumana ndi chisankho: mwina kuwononga ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimagulitsidwa kumadera ena, kapena kugulitsa m'misika yakomweko pamtengo wotsika".
Kupitiliza zokambirana pazomwe zikuchitika, a Sergey Korshunov adanenanso kuti chidwi chapadera chikulipiridwa pakukula kwa maphunziro, kusamutsa chidziwitso m'munda wa organic organic. Chifukwa chake, Union of Organic Farming, motsogozedwa ndi thandizo la purezidenti, idachita maphunziro aulere pakupanga tomato wamtchire kutchire mu kampani ya "Organic Around" mu Ogasiti 2020. Malinga ndi katswiriyu, famuyi yakhala malo asayansi komanso othandiza, pomwe umisiri waluso wopangira ndiwo zamasamba zikuchitidwa mozama kwambiri. Ananenanso kuti wamkulu wa famuyi, Ph.D. n. Amiran Zanilov ndi munthu wodziwika bwino mu gulu lachilengedwe komanso wolemba malingaliro ndi njira zamaphunziro a Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation on organic organic, lofalitsidwa mu 2018.
Mwa zina zofunika kwambiri pagulu lachilengedwe, Oleg Mironenko adatinso kuyambika kwa ntchito yopanga mbewu zamasamba zomwe zikukula pamunda wa Bioferma Kuban, momwe kampani yayikulu ya Poisk imathandizira. “Ntchitoyi idayamba mu 2020
chaka. Uku ndikumeza kwathu koyamba pantchito yopanga mbewu zapakhomo zolimidwa masamba, "- atero wamkulu wa NOS monyadira.
Mtengo Wowonjezera Mtengo
Monga ananenera Oleg Mironenko, ku Russia, kuchepa kwa masamba omwe akukula ndikukula kwambiri kangapo kuposa gawo lachikhalidwe. "Ndipo, chifukwa cha kutukuka kwa matekinoloje m'derali, mtengo wopangira ndiwo zamasamba siwokwera kwambiri kuposa ulimi wakale," akuwonjezera.
Mwachitsanzo, manejala wamkulu wa National Organic Union adatchulapo zomwe Krasnodar adakumana nazo. Pali zolipira lero
Kupanga ndiwo zamasamba zokhazokha ndizokwera 30-40% kuposa kulima kwachikhalidwe. Ndipo kuwagulitsa, monga katswiri akutsimikizira, kutha kukhalaokwera mtengo kwambiri: pakufunika masamba azomera, ndipo mitengo yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndiyokwera kuposa masamba wamba.
Komanso, malinga ndi iye, zomwe zimachitikira kampaniyo "Bioferma Kuban" ndizosangalatsa. "Zidapezeka kuti mtengo wolima tomato wamatcheri m'matumba obiriwira amatha kukhala ofanana ndi mtengo wolima mitundu yamtunduwu pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa mafakitale," adatero
Oleg Mironenko. "Mwinanso kuchuluka kumeneku kumatheka ngakhale mutalima tomato kuthengo."
Amiran Zanilov akugogomezera kuti kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, choyambirira, kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati bizinesi yokhazikika pagulu, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupanga phindu. "Kwa alimi omwe amatha kupeza chinthu chowonjezerapo chifukwa cha chilengedwe, kulima ndiwo zamasamba kumakhala kopindulitsa pachuma," akukhulupirira.
Komanso, a Sergey Korshunov akuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa masamba azomera kumadalira njira zogulitsa. Zabwinobwino, malinga ndi iye, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi phindu la 30%.
Pakadali pano, zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja zimaperekedwa m'mashelefu obiriwira m'masitolo amtengo wapatali (mwachitsanzo, Azbuka Vkusa), akukumbukira Amiran Zanilov. “Ngati kampani yathu itha kugulitsa masamba ofanana ndi omwe timapanga
(ndi Evrolistk) pamtengo wotsika ka 5-6 wotsika mtengo kuposa omwe amalandila kunja, phindu limatha kufikira 80-100%, "watero wamkulu wa Organic Around.
Malinga ndi Oleg Mironenko, tsopano malo ambiri omwe pali alumali yokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe amadandaula zakusowa kwa ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso ndipo ali okonzeka kuzigula kwaopanga zotsimikizira zaulimi wapakhomo. Ananenanso kuti mliri wa coronavirus usanachitike, ogula
kufunika kwa ndiwo zamasamba kumakulirakulirabe, ndipo ngakhale munthawi yodzipatula, maunyolo ogulitsa sananene za kutsika kwakanthawi kwamalonda amtunduwu, ngakhale kuchepa kwa ndalama zapakhomo. "Vuto ndiloti kulibe ndiwo zamasamba okha," adatsimikiza a Oleg Mironenko ndikudandaula kuti kukulira kwa malowa popanga masamba azomera sikuyenda mwachangu momwe tikufunira.
Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri ndi omwe akuchita nawo msika akuyembekeza kuti mzaka zikubwerazi kuchuluka kwa minda yamasamba ku Russia ikula mwachangu.
Kodi ndingapeze bwanji satifiketi?
A Ksenia Firsova, Katswiri Wotsogolera wa Organic Expert Company, adalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za njira zovomerezera komanso zofunikira m'minda. "Malinga ndi Federal Law" On Organic Products ", mabizinesi omwe adatsata njira zovomerezeka pakupanga kwawo ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro" organic "chimodzi komanso mawu oti" organic "pazinthu zawo," akutero katswiri. - Chitsimikizo chimachitika malinga ndi muyezo wa GOST 33980-2016 "Zinthu zachilengedwe. Malamulo opanga, kukonza, kulemba ndi kugulitsa "m'gulu lovomerezeka"
A Ksenia Firsova adalongosola kuti muyezo umakhazikitsa zofunikira zina m'minda yambewu: kusunga chonde m'nthaka (mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa kasinthasintha wazomera), kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi zinthu zoteteza mbeu (zinthu zololedwa zokha zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito). Pali zofunikira zapadera za mbewu ndi kubzala. Kuphatikiza apo, pakukula kwa mbewu, zamoyo siziloledwa kukula mu hydroponics. "Zomwe amatolera, kulongedza, kuyendetsa, kusungira zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhazikitsidwanso mwalamulo," akuwonjezera katswiri. “Mwachitsanzo, imayenera kupangidwa, kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa mosiyana ndi zinthu zomwe sizili zachilengedwe. Opanga ayenera kukana kulongedza komwe kungapangitse kuti zinthu ziwonongeke komanso chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo polyvinyl chloride. "
Ndikofunikira, m'malingaliro ake, kuphatikiza mfundo zakusintha - ino ndi nthawi ina yomwe zofunikira zimayikidwa pakupanga organic, koma zinthuzo sizingadziwikebe kuti ndi organic. "M'madera obzalidwa (mu
kuphatikiza kulima mbewu zamasamba) nthawi yosintha ndi zaka ziwiri isanayambike, "Ksenia Firsova adatsimikiza.
Mpaka pano, mabungwe atatu ovomerezeka ndi ovomerezeka ku Russia. Dera lawo lovomerezeka komanso zovomerezeka zimatha kupezeka mu kaundula wa Federal Accreditation Agency, a Firsova. “Tsoka ilo, tiyenera kulankhula za izi padera, popeza milandu yadziwika kuti
achinyengo adapereka ntchito zawo m'malo mwa chiphaso chodziwika bwino, makamaka ngati nthambi yomwe kulibe, "akuwonjezera. Ngati wopanga waku Russia akufuna kukapereka zakuthupi kunja, ndiye kuti sangachite popanda satifiketi yapadziko lonse lapansi, katswiri akukumbutsa.
Ndi diso logulitsa kunja
Chidziwitso chapadziko lonse lapansi chimatsegula njira kuti mabizinesi alowe m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi, akupitilizabe Ksenia Firsova. "Nthawi yomweyo, amasankha mtundu wa chizindikiritso chomwe chikufunika, kutengera msika wogulitsa, popeza miyezo ndiyosiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Ku Russia, chizindikiritso chofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya EU kapena US, akutero, "chiphaso ku Japan ndi China sichichuluka".
Musanayambe njira yovomerezera, katswiri wa "Organic Expert" akukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe bwino muyezo (onse ali ndi zosiyana zawo) ndikusankha bungwe lovomerezeka. "Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi muyezo waku Europe ku Russia, makampani pafupifupi 15 ochokera kumayiko ena ali ndi ufulu kuchita izi, omwe osapitilira theka akugwira ntchito," adalongosola.
Malinga ndi Firsova, ndondomekoyi siyikusiyana kwambiri ndi yaku Russia, koma pali zovuta. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana ndi wotsimikizira komanso zolembedwa kudzakhala mchingerezi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo,
kulembetsa zomwe zimatchedwa ziphaso zogulitsa pamatch iliyonse. "Komabe, ngati mumvetsetsa msanga zovuta zonse za kupatsidwa satifiketi, zovuta zomwe simukuziyembekezera zitha kupewedwa," akutsimikizira.
Malinga ndi a Sergey Korshunov, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zopangidwa kuchokera ku Russia kumapeto kwa 2019 zikuyembekezeka kukhala 9 miliyoni. Izi makamaka ndizogulitsa kunja kwa mbewu zopangira tirigu, nyemba ndi mbewu za mafuta, komanso mbewu zamtchire. Kuthekera kwakukulu kotumiza kunja pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba, m'malingaliro ake, ndi dzungu ndi adyo.
Malinga ndi Amiran Zanilov, pakadali pano pakufunika kwakukulu pazinthu zopangira pamsika wapadziko lonse, zomwe minda yaku Russia silingakwaniritse kwathunthu chifukwa chazambiri zopanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera pakuwona kwa Oleg Mironenko, sizomveka kuti mabizinesi akunyumba azitumiza kunja masamba ndikugonjetsa misika yakunja, chifukwa msika wanyumba wazinthu zachilengedwe sunakwaniritsidwebe mdziko muno. "Kugulitsa masamba ku Russia tsopano kuli kopindulitsa monga kuwaperekera kunja - mitengo yamitengo siyosiyana kwambiri," akutero katswiriyo. - Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti pali mayiko omwe kale ali ndi chidaliro pakupereka masamba azomera padziko lonse lapansi. Italy ili m'malo oyamba, kenako Spain ndi Ukraine. "
Mwachidziwitso, dziko liyenera kukhala ndi chidwi pakugulitsa masamba osinthidwa omwe ali ndi phindu lina. Komabe, ku Russia, kulibe ntchito zakukonzekera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, atero a Oleg Mironenko. "Mutha kulima ndiwo zamasamba kapena zipatso, koma mumazisandutsa mphodza, ma compote, kupanikizana kapena zipatso zouma komanso nthawi yomweyo kusunga zomaliza ndizovuta: kulibe komwe mungachite," adatero katswiriyo.
Ngakhale panali zovuta, kampaniyo "Organic Around" ikugwira ntchito yotumiza kunja kwa zinthu zopangidwa mwachilengedwe (makamaka mafuta a masamba). Zokambirana zoyambirira zikuchitika. "Ntchito yamalonda ku Italy yokonzedwa ndi Fund for Small Business Support ya Stavropol Territory, mwatsoka, yalephera chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matenda a coronavirus," akutero Amiran Zanilov.
Zowawa komanso zochitika zazitali
Tsopano pakati pa opanga, chidwi chakuzindikiritsa chikukula pang'onopang'ono. A Ksenia Firsova amalumikiza izi ndi chitukuko cha mutu wa zokolola ku Russia: kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo pazinthu zachilengedwe, kupezeka kwa mapulogalamu othandizira, maphunziro, ndikulimbikitsa kutumiza kunja. Popeza kuti unyolo wonsewo ndiwotsimikizika pakupanga zachilengedwe, ndiye, mwa lingaliro lake, kukula kwa gawo lachilengedwe kumatha kupitilira ngati chiwombankhanga.
"Zogulitsa zimafuna kuti makampani atsimikizire zokhazokha zokhazokha, ndiye kuti kukonza makinawo kumafufuza zinthu zachilengedwe," akufotokoza a Ksenia Firsova. "Ziweto zimafuna chakudya chamagulu, kuti mbeu zikule bwino pamafunika feteleza ndi mbewu, zinthu zachilengedwe zotetezera mbewu." Monga poyambira, tili ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe ntchito yolima organic ingakhalire, yotsogola komanso yopambana, adatero katswiri.
Zachidziwikire, msika wamsika ku Russia ukadali wopanda chitukuko, ndipo zida zonse zothandizirazo sizikukula, Oleg Mironenko akuwonetsa. Katswiriyu adalemba kuti: "Biofertilizers ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zokulitsa ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu zofunikira." "Maderawa akungoyamba kumene kukula." Ngakhale panali mipata iyi, msika wogulitsa ku Russia ukuyesetsa kukula ndi chitukuko.
Mwa njira
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, si mbewu zonse zamasamba (mwachitsanzo, kaloti, beets, kabichi) zomwe zingatetezedwe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, lero ntchito yogwira ili mkati yomwe cholinga chake ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano yosakanizidwa ndi tizirombo.
Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndikuteteza mbewu zamasamba (mwachitsanzo, kabichi) ku tizirombo monga njenjete, thrips ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, pang'ono - kuchokera
namsongole ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, ngati, pafupifupi, mankhwala amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kabichi ku matenda ndipo imodzi kapena ziwiri - kuchokera ku namsongole, ndiye kuchuluka kwake
Mankhwala ochizira tizirombo (monga njenjete ndi thrips) amatha kufikira eyiti mpaka naini.
Malinga ndi akatswiri amakampani, zomwe zingalimbikitse kukula kwa msika wamsika zitha kukhala kupezeka kwa zida zandalama komanso mapulogalamu apadera okongoletsera omwe ali ndi zida ndiukadaulo woyenera. Chofunikira pakuchita bwino ndikupezekanso kwa akatswiri pantchito ndi mapulogalamu otukula ntchito.
Amiran Zanilov akutsimikizira: kuti kukula kowonjezereka pakukula kwamasamba, umisiri amafunikira kuti akwaniritse mtengo wa zopangira pang'ono pang'ono kuposa zachikhalidwe. Makamaka, tikulankhula za kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje opulumutsa zida pakupanga zachilengedwe, komanso kukhazikitsa njira yotetezera mbewu zamasamba ku namsongole, tizirombo ndi matenda. Komanso,
Ndikofunika kufotokoza mwachangu mutu wazinthu zakuthupi ndikutenga mbali kwa akatswiri ochokera ku biology ndi zamankhwala. "Koma kusintha kofunikira kwambiri, komwe ndikuyembekezera, ndikulowetsa zinthu zachilengedwe pazakudya za ana asukulu zam'masukulu oyambira komanso ana asukulu zoyambira," watero wamkulu wa Organic Around. - Uwu ukhala chuma chamtengo wapatali mdziko muno! "
M'zaka zikubwerazi, monga a Sergei Korshunov akutsimikizira, kukula kwa msika waku Russia wazopanga zaulimi zikuyembekezeredwa, makamaka pagawo lamasamba. "Zomera zatsopano za nyengo ndi chitsimikizo cha thanzi komanso chitetezo champhamvu, anthu tsopano ali ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zothandiza komanso kulimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake organic wamasamba ndichikhalidwe chotalika! " - katswiri akulonjeza.
“Mutha kuyankhula zambiri zamavuto, mutha kulembapo kafukufuku wamkulu, koma ogula amafunikira masamba amasamba lero. Ndipo m'malo ovuta kwambiri, opanga athu akuyesera kukulitsa. Ndikofunikira kuthandizira mabizinesi akunyumba pankhani yovutayi, ”adamaliza a Oleg Mironenko.